Deshpande et al. conclude that ethambutol (EMB) doses of 50 mg/kg of body weight twice a week would be the optimal clinical dose for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium (2). This was based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies using a hollow-fiber system model of intracellular M. avium, mimicking ethambutol human-like pharmacokinetics. This adds important information on the relationship b...

Salicylate induces multiple antibiotic resistance in various bacterial species. Here we investigated the effect of salicylate on the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to a range of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs. In the presence of salicylate, the killing effects of isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin (STR), and p-aminosalicylate (PAS) were reduced, as s...

In this randomized three year study of the primary treatment of 332 patients with cavitary or far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, ethambutol (I Mitt was com pared to streptomycin (SM). One hundred eighty days of SM was compared to 180 days of EMB with each drug part of a three-drug regimen including isoniazid (INH) and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). A regimen of EMB-INH was compared to the th...

This paper proposes the use of Electromechanical Brakes (EMB) in combination with regenerative braking in PHEV so braking force can be distributed to front and rear axles according to an optimal curve instead of a linear line. Therefore, more braking force will be distributed to front axle, which will offer more kinetic energy for regenerative braking. Fuzzy logic control is used to allocate br...

RESULTS. Of 326 patients diagnosed with SEE over a 7-year period, 43 (mean age: 8.5 years; male: 67%) met inclusion criteria. After PPI therapy, 17 patients (40%) were responders. There were no significant differences in demographic features, presenting symptoms, endoscopic findings, or histologic findings between responders and nonresponders. Among patients with 15 to 20 eosinophils per hpf on...

Intracranial atherosclerosis-related occlusion (ICAS-O) is frequently encountered at the time of endovascular revascularization treatment (ERT), especially in Asian countries. However, because baseline angiographic findings are similar between ICAS-O and embolism-related occlusion (EMB-O), it is difficult to differentiate the etiologies before the ERT procedure. Moreover, despite successful ran...

Methods: Two eighty nine (289) patients with cirrhosis of liver were evaluated for evidence of tuberculosis during a period of 24 months (March 2011 to March 2013) in a tertiary care centre. Patients with evidence of tuberculosis were randomised into two different ATT regimens (Regimen A and B) after exclusion. Regimen A included initial phase of isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), and ethambuto...

A host of uncommon but clinically important myocardial diseases including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) have unique prognoses and treatments and should be strongly suspected in their characteristic clinical scenarios. ARVC/D is an inherited or sporatic form of predominantly right ventricular cardiomyopathy characterized by a progressive loss of myocytes that...

Abstract In protostellar cores, sulfur species are effective probes for the energetic environments, such as shocked regions. With majority of depleted on dust grains, sulfur-bearing molecules could be liberated back to gas phase by shocks associated with accretion and outflow activities. Therefore, gas-phase abundance these may correlated change properties, which can investigated through polari...