Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most abundant immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, originate from blood monocytes and exhibit an IL-10(high)IL-12(low) M2 profile. The factors involved in TAM generation remain unidentified. We identify here leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and IL-6 as tumor microenvironmental factors that can promote TAM generation. Ovarian cancer asci...

The effect of tamoxifen (TAM) on human endometrii carci noma was investigated in nude mice bearing an estrogen recep tor-positive or estrogen receptor-negative tumor. The receptornegative tumor grew rapidly, and the rates of tumor growth of 17/3-estradiol or TAM-treated animals were identical to the rate of controls. The estradici receptor and progesterone receptor (PR) concentrations in the tu...

Glioblastoma is one of the most common brain tumors in adults with poor prognosis, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) consists of generating vascular-like channels by tumor cells, independent of endothelial angiogenesis. Studies showed in glioblastoma, the proportion of VM to all vascular channels is associated with poor prognosis and higher invasiveness levels....

در این مقاله یک مدل ریاضی برای مسئله سیستم تولیدی همکارانه ساخت بر اساس سفارش با رعایت انصاف تخصیص بار‌های تولید طراحی شده است. اهداف اصلی مدل، کمینه‌سازی هزینه‌‌های کل و حداکثر استفاده از منابع به‌منظور عادلانه شرایط عدم­قطعیت کنترل پارامتر‌های غیرقطعی روش برنامه‌ریزی فازی ‌شده نتایج نشان می‌دهد افزایش نرخ عدم‌قطعیت، می­یابد. ازآنجاکه ظرفیت کارخانه‌ها ثابت است، مقدار تقاضا، هر کارخانه نیز می­ی...

Let v be a grid path made of north and east steps. The lattice TAM(v), based on all grid paths weakly above the grid path v sharing the same endpoints as v, was introduced by Préville-Ratelle and Viennot (2014) and corresponds to the usual Tamari lattice in the case v = (NE). They showed that TAM(v) is isomorphic to the dual of TAM(←−v ), where←−v is the reverse of v with N and E exchanged. Our...

Macrophages demonstrate plasticity, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can function as immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to reprogram TAM in vitro with cytokine signal alteration. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) treatment alone did not lead to changes in the expression of M1 (including IL-1β, TNFα and CXCL-10)...

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate if a short-term administration of high-dose Tamoxifen (Tam) could affect the expression of biologically relevant biochemical parameters in cervical cancer tissue. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study was conducted in 24 patients with histologically confirmed cervical tumors. Biopsies were obtained by colposcopy on day 0 in all patients, who then receiv...

Experiments were designed to investigate whether the tumor-associ ated macrophage (TAM) content of murine solid tumors correlates with the clonogenic ability of tumor cells to establish s.c. tumors, tumor growth rate, extent of tumor necrosis, tumor metastatic propensity, and tumor radioresponse. Of 13 tumors studied, 6 were sarcomas and 7 were carcinomas; all tumors were of spontaneous origin ...

Article history: Received on: 15/04/2016 Revised on: 21/05/2016 Accepted on: 09/06/2016 Available online: 28/06/2016 Tamoxifen (TAM) is a hormonal selective estrogen modulator used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. It associated with increased in the oxidative stress in cells leading to tissue injury. Sodium butyrate (NaBu) increased the glutathione redox system and diminished t...