Abstract Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is of strong interest in climate modeling because its role both severe weather and model construction. Extreme levels CAPE (>2000 J kg −1 ) are associated with high-impact events, widely used convective parameterizations to help determine the strength timing convection. However, date few studies have systematically evaluated biases models...

Atmospheric reanalyses are widely used for understanding the past and present climate. They have become increasingly within renewable energy sector assessing wind solar resources different regions of globe in conjunction with observations. Mexico is a country considerable potential production, especially around coastal sites therefore characterization resource these areas imperative most benefi...

5 The authors analyze of the moist static energy budget over the region of the tropical Indian 6 ocean covered by the sounding array during the CINDY/DYNAMO field experiment in late 7 2011. The analysis is performed using the sounding array complemented by the Objectively 8 Analyzed air-sea Fluxes for the Global Oceans (OAflux) and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant 9 Energy System (CERES) data for...

The first Chinese operational Ku-band scatterometer on board Haiyang-2A (HY-2A), launched in August 2011, is designed for monitoring the global ocean surface wind. This study estimates the quality of the near-real-time (NRT) retrieval wind speed and wind direction from the HY-2A scatterometer for 36 months from 2012 to 2014. We employed three types of sea-surface wind data from oceanic moored b...

5 The authors analyze the column-integrated moist static energy budget over the region of 6 the tropical Indian ocean covered by the sounding array during the CINDY/DYNAMO field 7 experiment in late 2011. The analysis is performed using data from the the sounding array 8 complemented by the Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes for the Global Oceans (OAflux) 9 and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant E...

Climate can affect the geographic and seasonal patterns of vector-borne disease incidence such as West Nile Virus (WNV) infections. We explore the association between climatic factors and the occurrence of West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuro-invasive disease (WNND) in humans in Northern Greece over the years 2010-2014. Time series over a period of 30 years (1979-2008) of climatic data of a...

[1] Sub-seasonal variability including equatorial waves significantly influence the dehydration and transport processes in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). This study investigates the wave activity in the TTL in 7 reanalysis data sets (RAs; NCEP1, NCEP2, ERA40, ERA-Interim, JRA25, MERRA, and CFSR) and 4 chemistry climate models (CCMs; CCSRNIES, CMAM, MRI, and WACCM) using the zonal wave num...

The Atlantic Ocean is known to have higher sea surface salinity than the Pacific Ocean at all latitudes. This is thought to be associated with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and deep water formation in the high latitude North Atlantic – a phenomenon not present anywhere in the Pacific. This asymmetry may be a result of salt transport in the ocean or an asymmetry in the surface ...