Crumbs (Crb) is a conserved determinant of apical membrane identity that regulates epithelial morphogenesis in many developmental contexts. In this study, we identify the Crb complex protein Stardust (Sdt) as a target of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Neuralized (Neur) in Drosophila melanogaster Neur interacts with and down-regulates specific Sdt isoforms containing a Neur binding motif (NBM). Using a...

BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to investigate the predictive value of the biomarkers interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) compared with clinical CRB and CRB-65 severity scores in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS Samples and data were obtained from patients enrolled into the German CAPNETZ study group. Samples (...

BACKGROUND Antibiotic lock (ABL) solutions can effectively treat catheter-related bacteraemia (CRB) without the need for catheter exchange. This approach does not increase secondary infectious complications. We evaluated the risk factors that contribute to failure when CRB is treated with ABLs and systemic antibiotics in paediatric haemodialysis patients. METHODS A retrospective chart review ...

Analysis of the mechanisms that control epithelial polarization has revealed that cues for polarization are mediated by transmembrane proteins that operate at the apical, lateral, or basal surface of epithelial cells. Whereas for any given epithelial cell type only one or two polarization systems have been identified to date, we report here that the follicular epithelium in Drosophila ovaries u...

BACKGROUND Crumbs (Crb), a cell polarity gene, has been shown to provide a positional cue for the apical membrane domain and adherens junction during Drosophila photoreceptor morphogenesis. It has recently been found that stable microtubules in developing Drosophila photoreceptors were linked to Crb localization. Coordinated interactions between microtubule and actin cytoskeletons are involved ...

Drosophila melanogaster Crumbs (Crb) and its mammalian orthologues (CRB1-3) share evolutionarily conserved but poorly defined roles in regulating epithelial polarity and, in photoreceptor cells, morphogenesis and stability. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Crb function is vital, as mutations in the human CRB1 gene cause retinal dystrophies. Here, we report that Crb restricts Rac1-NADPH o...

The problem considered in this letter is to bound the performance of estimators of a deterministic parameter which satisfies given constraints. Specifically, previous work on the constrained Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) is generalized to include singular Fisher information matrices and biased estimators. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a finite CRB is obtained. A closed form...

In this paper, the problem of carrier frequency offset estimation for frequency-selective channels in a data-aided context is considered. The channel is assumed to be contaminated with an unknown noise and the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) is used as an estimation accuracy criterion. The minimax approach consists in minimizing the worst-case (maximum) CRB of the frequency offset. Under certain assumpt...