Escherichia coli bacterium is common to many environments and there are over 150 different strains. Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains cause diseases in birds at various ages. The introduction of such strains to chicken respiratory tract causes invasive infections, collectively known as colibacillosis. It can cause extensive mortality in poultry flocks leading to great economic losses. Rec...

Bacterial virulence factors are typically surface-associated or secreted molecules that in Gram-negative bacteria must cross the outer membrane (OM). Protein translocation across the bacterial OM is not well understood. To elucidate this process we studied P pilus biogenesis in Escherichia coli. We present high-resolution electron micrographs of the OM usher PapC and show that it forms an oligo...

Background Escherichia coli is among the most common uropathogens. Increased antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacilli global concern. Alternative therapeutic options including vaccines against uropathogenic E. (UPEC) have been developed. In this study, we compared genotypic characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of UPEC according to phylogenetic groups. Methods We retrospectivel...

Secretory nonpancreatic phospholipase A2 (group II sPLA2) is induced in inflammation and present in atherosclerotic lesions. In an accompanying publication we demonstrate that transgenic mice expressing group II sPLA2 developed severe atherosclerosis. The current study was undertaken to determine whether 1 mechanism by which group II sPLA2 might contribute to the progression of inflammation and...

زمینه و هدف: کم‌تحرکی در مقابل آن تمرین جزء عوامل مرتبط با شاخص‌های آسیب کبدی به‌شمار می‌روند. وجود این هنوز نقش بسیاری از تمرین‌های ورزشی به‌ویژه تمرینات تناوبی مقاومتی مصرف برخی مکمل‌های غذایی جمله اسپیرولینا بر ایمنی التهابی کاملاٌ شناخته نشده است؛ بنابراین هدف پژوهش تعیین اثر هشت هفته مکمل‌دهی هوازی فعالیت بافت کبد بیان ژن CXCL1 عضلة موش‌های صحرایی نر بود.مواد روش‌ها: نیمه‌تجربی، 60 سر موش ن...

We consider a primal-dual algorithm for minimizing f(x) + h(Ax) with differentiable f . The primal-dual algorithm has two names in literature: Primal-Dual Fixed-Point algorithm based on the Proximity Operator (PDFPO) and Proximal Alternating Predictor-Corrector (PAPC). In this paper, we extend it to solve f(x) + h l(Ax) with differentiable l and prove its convergence under a weak condition (i.e...