Sir, Quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae usually results from mutations in genes coding for chromosomally encoded type II topoisomerases, efflux pumps or porin-related proteins. Recently, transferable, plasmid-borne, quinolone resistance genes—qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, cr variant of aac(60)-Ib, qepA and oxqB—have been observed in clinical isolates, more frequently among strains producing plasmid...

Background: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants are commonly characterized in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates worldwide and complicate the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate prevalence PMQR molecular typing blood K. Milad hospital Tehran, Iran, within 2018 - 2019. Methods: A total 100 were tested for susceptibility ...

background plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (pmqr) have been shown to play not only an important role in quinolone resistance, but also resistance to other antibiotics, particularly β-lactams and aminoglycosides. these genes are mainly associated with clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae. however, detection of pmqr genes in the community isolates can increase the dissemination rat...

The current study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of multidrug resistant uropathogens among children under school age (six years old) in Soran city, North Iraq. A total number 200 urine samples were taken from six old suffering UTIs, attending Ashti hospital and Childbirth hospitals city July 2017 march 2018. High frequency UTIs less than two (34.3%) incidence significantly higher...

Background: Quinolone resistant Salmonella serotypes have been reported in recent years and become increasingly widespread worldwide. Objectives: We evaluated the molecular mechanism of quinolone resistance non-typhoidal strains isolated from clinical samples Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present study included isolates originated hospitalized individuals outpatients Serotyping nalidixic acid-resi...

زمینه و هدف: کم‌تحرکی در مقابل آن تمرین جزء عوامل مرتبط با شاخص‌های آسیب کبدی به‌شمار می‌روند. وجود این هنوز نقش بسیاری از تمرین‌های ورزشی به‌ویژه تمرینات تناوبی مقاومتی مصرف برخی مکمل‌های غذایی جمله اسپیرولینا بر ایمنی التهابی کاملاٌ شناخته نشده است؛ بنابراین هدف پژوهش تعیین اثر هشت هفته مکمل‌دهی هوازی فعالیت بافت کبد بیان ژن CXCL1 عضلة موش‌های صحرایی نر بود.مواد روش‌ها: نیمه‌تجربی، 60 سر موش ن...

strain with no parC mutations. This is consistent with previous findings that gyrA mutations are necessary for quinolone resistance, whereas parC mutations appear to be complementary, as resistant strains do not carry parC mutations alone. – 6 Some studies further suggest that additional parC mutations facilitate increasing levels of resistance, but our study did not support this. For example, ...