4 Background and Rate Studies 12 4.1 Neutrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.2 Photons and Low Energy Electrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.3 A1 Background Rate Estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5 Simulation and Design 14 5.1 GEANT4 Simulation and Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.2 Physical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Nuclear power production can benefit from the development of more comprehensive alternatives for dealing with long-term radioactive waste. One such alternative is an accelerator-driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) which has been proposed for both energy production and for burning radioactive waste. Here we investigate the effects of the size of the ADSR spallation target on the total neutron yiel...

background: hadron therapy for malignant tumor is becoming increasingly popular. there are many factors which effect on implementation of a proper treatment planning. the purpose of this work is to investigate the inhomogeneity effects as affecting factor on proton range, full width at half maximum (fwhm) and 20% position of penumbra (p20) by mcnpx code. materials and methods: an inhomogeneous ...

Using simulations to understand backgrounds from muon-induced neutrons is important in designing next-generation low-background underground experiments. Validation of relevant physics within the Geant4 simulation package has been completed by comparing to data from two recent experiments. Verification focused on the production and propagation of neutrons at energies important to underground exp...

Background: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapy combining biochemical targeting with neutron irradiation. However, monitoring the boron distribution is a fundamental problem in BNCT. Prompt gamma rays emitted by boron capture reaction can be used to address the issue. Materials and Methods: The general-purpose Monte Carlo toolkits Geant4 and MCNP were used for the simu...

We report on the first detailed measurements of electron backscattering from low Z targets at energies up to 124 keV. Both energy and angular distributions of the backscattered electrons are measured and compared with electron transport simulations based on the GEANT4 and Penelope Monte Carlo simulation codes. Comparisons are also made with previous, less extensive, measurements and with measur...

The light output response and the neutron and gamma-ray detection efficiency are determined for liquid scintillator EJ-309. The light output function is compared to those of previous studies. Experimental efficiency results are compared to predictions from GEANT4, MCNPX and PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulations. The differences associated with the use of different light output functions are discussed.