Background Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) represent the most abundant genomic component in all plant genomes thus far investigated. They are transposable elements that replicate through a “copy/paste” mechanism that relies on reverse transcription and integration of a RNA intermediate. Plant LTR-RTs can be divided in two major superfamilies: Copia and Gypsy[1]. LTR-RTs have imp...

The calculation of RTS amounts to measuring a relationship between inputs and outputs in a production structure. There are many methods to measure RTS in the primal space or the dual space. One of the main approaches is using the multiplier on the convexity constraint. But returns to scale measurements in DEA models are affected by the presence of regulatory constraints. These additional constr...

Higher education plays a crucial role in modern society and emerging energy systems, due to the rising complexity of phenomena interplay among various layers (physical, cyber, social economic). To cope with this context, universities need develop new visions tools for training. Real-time simulation (RTS) is as novel effective approach analyzing power system aspects, characteristic can be effect...

106 AI MAGAZINE RTS games — such as StarCraft by Blizzard Entertainment and Command and Conquer by Electronic Arts — are popular video games that can be described as real-time war simulations in which players delegate units under their command to gather resources, build structures, combat and support units, scout opponent locations, and attack. The winner of an RTS game usually is the player or...

Loudness perception by human infants and animals can be studied under the assumption that sounds of equal loudness elicit equal reaction times (RTs). Simple RTs of a harbour porpoise to narrowband frequency-modulated signals were measured using a behavioural method and an RT sensor based on infrared light. Equal latency contours, which connect equal RTs across frequencies, for reference values ...

BACKGROUND The malaria vaccine candidate antigen RTS,S includes parts of the pre-erythrocytic stage circumsporozoite protein fused to the Hepatitis B surface antigen. Two Adjuvant Systems are in development for this vaccine, an oil-in water emulsion--based formulation (AS02) and a formulation based on liposomes (AS01). METHODS & PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this Phase II, double-blind study (NCT0030...

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of radiological technologists (RTs) in the detection of malignant microcalcifications and to evaluate how much computer-aided detection (CADe) improved their performances compared with those by expert breast radiologists (BRs). Six board-certified breast RTs and four board-certified BRs participated in a free-response receiver ...

BACKGROUND Knee reinjury after ACL reconstruction is common and increases the risk of osteoarthritis. There is sparse evidence to guide return to sport (RTS) decisions in this population. OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between knee reinjury after ACL reconstruction and (1) return to level I sports, (2) timing of RTS and (3) knee function prior to return. METHODS 106 patients who part...

Models can be used to plan the evolution and runtime adaptation of a software system. Regression testing of the evolved and adapted models is important to ensure that the previously tested functionality is not broken. Regression testing is performed with limited time and resource constraints. Thus, regression test selection (RTS) techniques are needed to reduce the cost of regression testing. E...

Several cognitive models suggest that saccade RTs are controlled flexibly not only by mechanisms that accumulate sensory evidence after the appearance of a sensory stimulus (poststimulus mechanisms) but also by mechanisms that preset the saccade control system before the sensory event (prestimulus mechanisms). Consistent with model predictions, neurons in structures tightly related to saccade i...