The recent article from Dr Frevert of Merz, together with the accompanying commentary from Dr Sesardic of NIBSC, makes a new contribution to the data available for clinical botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) products. However, in addition to the comments about the various technical aspects of the data provided by Dr Frevert, as described by Dr Sesardic, one important and key factor about the BoNT-...

BACKGROUND Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death and illness globally among children younger than 5 years. Mortality and short-term morbidity cause substantial burden of disease but probably underestimate the true effect of diarrhoea on population health. This underestimation is because diarrhoeal diseases can negatively affect early childhood growth, probably through enteric dysfunction and im...

Background/Aims: The substitution of valine by methionine in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF Val/Met) gene alters the intracellular trafficking and regulated secretion of BDNF. This study tested whether the BDNF Val/Met polymorphism is associated with bipolar disorder in Korean subjects, and whether clinical features vary according to genotype. Methods: The allelic and genotypic dis...

Journal of the Experimental Analysis BehaviorVolume 115, Issue 2 p. 611-619 Theoretical Article Shaping changes everything: Comments on Baum, Killeen, Machado & Vasconcelos, and Pitts Charles P. Shimp, Corresponding Author Shimp [email protected] University Utah Address correspondence to: Psychology Department, 380 South 1530 East, Room 502, Utah, Salt Lake City 84112-0251. Email: protected]Sea...

The 5-lipoxygenase pathway is the source of potent proinflammatory mediators. More than 20 years ago, the details of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway began to emerge from seminal work performed by Borgeat and Murphy while they were working in the laboratory of Bengt Samuelsson (Borgeat and Samuelsson, 1979; Murphy et al., 1979). A vast body of evidence has subsequently accrued regarding the cells of ...

NMFS issues a proposed rule to implement Amendment 106 to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area (BSAI FMP). The proposed rule would allow the owner of an American Fisheries Act (AFA) vessel to rebuild or replace the vessel without limitation on the length, weight, or horsepower of the rebuilt or replacement vessel when the vessel is op...

Theoreticians are interested in the way the world might be, seeking theories of ‘elegant and economical...mathematical form, in the expectation that they will prove the ones realized in nature’ (Polkinghorne, 1983, p. 9–10). Empiricists, on the contrary, prefer to know ‘The Way the World Is’ (as in Polkinghorne’s title). Ideally, our understanding advances by an interplay between the two. As Da...

Purpose: Antiproliferative and antiosteoclastic activity from preclinical models show potential for dasatinib, an oral SRC and SRC family kinase inhibitor, as a targeted therapy for patients with prostate cancer. This phase II study investigated the activity of dasatinib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Experimental Design: Chemotherapy-naive men with CRP...

We investigated the intestinal uptake and adverse effects of microcystins ingested with Microcystis on Daphnia galeata. The gut structure, blood microcystin concentration, appearance, and movements of Daphnia fed Microcystis PCC 7806 or a microcystin-deficient PCC 7806 mutant were monitored over time. Microcystins were rapidly taken up from the digestive cavity into the blood. This process appa...

In this paper, we provide a combinatorial definition of the Universal Grassmannian order (or the Grassmannian Bruhat order) of Bergeron and Sottile. This defines the order in terms of inversions, and thus the order can be viewed as a generalization of the weak order for Coxeter groups. Finally, we use this understanding of the order to analyze the generating function of the number of elements a...