Several abiotic and biotic stresses can affect soybean in a growing season. Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode, reduces yield of soybean more than any other pathogen in the United States. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whether preemergence and postemergence herbicides modified the reproduction of H. glycines, and to determine the effects of possible interactive...

Environmental interest groups have traditionally equated herbicide use with degradation of water quality. If the entire water quality picture is rationally analyzed. the conclusions are quite the contrary. Use of herbicides compared to mechanical site preparation improves or maintains water quality. Short-duration pulses of residues may appear in streamflow. but data from forest ecosystem studi...

An ecological impact assessment of four herbicides (atrazine, diuron, paraquat and simazine) was assessed using the aquatic floating vascular plants, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor and Lemna paucicostata as test organisms. The sensitivity of several ecologically relevant parameters (increase in frond area, root length after regrowth, maximum and effective quantum yield of PSII and maximum electron tr...

Perennial broadleaves such as dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) are known to be pervasive weeds in stands of maintained turfgrasses. The use synthetic herbicides is the most common effective method control for these weeds. As pesticide European countries, Canada, United States becoming more scrutinized, identification alternative weed ...

Small (3.5 1) laboratory microcosms containing water, sediment and Elodea canadensis were treated with the herbicides diquat and terbutryne. After treatment total numbers of planktonic bacteria increased significantly by 3-1 1 -fold and heterotroph counts also rose significantly, by 3-23-fold but the population increases of exoenzyme-producing bacteria (3-1 13-fold) were not always significant....

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that combining the indigenous fungal pathogen, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski, hereafter referred to as Mt, with low doses of herbicides has excellent potential as an integrated strategy for long-term management of hydrilla and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) (Netherland and Shearer 1996; Nelson et al. 1998; Shearer and Nels...

Various indicators of pesticide environmental risk have been proposed, and one of the most widely known and used is the environmental impact quotient (EIQ). The EIQ has been criticized by others in the past, but it continues to be used regularly in the weed science literature. The EIQ is typically considered an improvement over simply comparing the amount of herbicides applied by weight. Herbic...

Understanding the effects of climate change on weed growth and herbicide activity is important for optimizing applications effective control in future. Therefore, this study examined how affects Amaranthus patulus efficacy soil foliar herbicides at different temperatures. Although values A. differed between temperature, increased with increasing time after treatments. Under conditions which tem...

Green pigweed [Amaranthus powellii S. Wats.] is a competitive, annual, broadleaf weed that can significantly reduce soybean yield due to rapid early growth and biomass production. As consequence of green pigweed’s high competitiveness with crops, the species generally managed use herbicides; this may, however, lead selection resistance. A biotype resistance MCPA, mecoprop, dichlorprop-p, aminoc...

Kobal S., M. V. Budihna: Toxicity of Herbicides 2,4-D and MCPA for Rats and Rabbits. Acta Vet. Brno 1999, 68: 281-290. A subacute toxicity test using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 10 mg.kg-1 and 100 mg.kg-1) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA, 15 mg.kg-1 and 150 mg.kg-1) was carried out on Wistar rats (n = 60) and New Zealand White rabbits (n = 30) of both sexes. The lower d...