The first-generation stars in the ΛCDM universe are considered to have formed in dark halos with total masses in the range ∼ 10−10M⊙ at z ∼ 20−50. These stars expected to be very massive and in some cases they end their lives as the first supernovae (SNe). We explore the problem of whether star formation in low mass dark halos (6 10M⊙) was triggered or suppressed by the SN feedback from neighbo...

In large spheroidal stellar systems, such as elliptical galaxies, one invariably finds a 10-10M⊙ supermassive black hole at their centre. In contrast, within dwarf elliptical galaxies one predominantly observes a 10-10M⊙ nuclear star cluster. To date, few galaxies have been found with both type of nuclei coexisting and even less have had the masses determined for both central components. Here w...

Sequential rounds of error-prone PCR to introduce random mutations and screening of the resultant mutant libraries have been used to enhance the total catalytic activity of subtilisin E significantly in a non-natural environment, aqueous dimethylformamide (DMF). Seven DNA substitutions coding for three new amino acid substitutions were identified in a mutant isolated after two additional genera...

Recent observations have demonstrated a significant growth in the integrated stellar mass of the red sequence since z = 1, dominated by a steadily increasing number of galaxies with stellar masses M∗ < 10M⊙. In this paper, we use the COMBO-17 photometric redshift survey in conjunction with deep Spitzer 24μm data to explore the relationship between star formation and the growth of stellar mass. ...

We present IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer 3 mm observations of CO J(1→0) emission in two 24μm-selected starburst galaxies in the outskirts (∼2–3Rvirial) of the rich cluster Cl 0024+16 (z = 0.395). The galaxies’ inferred far-infrared luminosities place them in the luminous infrared galaxy class (LIRGs, LFIR > 10L⊙), with star formation rates of ∼60M⊙ yr. Strong CO J(1→0) emission is detecte...

We present the results of the “Cosmogrid” cosmological N -body simulation suites based on the concordance LCDM model. The Cosmogrid simulation was performed in a 30Mpc box with 20483 particles. The mass of each particle is 1.28× 10M!, which is sufficient to resolve ultra-faint dwarfs. We found that the halo mass function shows good agreement with the Sheth & Tormen (1999) fitting function down ...

The inspiral of binary black holes is governed by gravitational radiation reaction at binary separations r & 1000M, yet it is too computationally expensive to begin numerical-relativity simulations with initial separations r * 10M. Fortunately, binary evolution between these separations is well described by postNewtonian equations of motion. We examine how this post-Newtonian evolution affects ...

objectives: to compare the effectiveness of two treatment methods of ‘combination pharmacological treatment and treadmill training’ and ‘pharmacological treatment’ on management of multiple sclerosis (ms) female patients. methods: in this quasi experimental and interventional study a sample of 20 ms patients (mean age: 36.75 years) with expanded disability status scale scores (edss) 1.0 to 4.0 ...

Accreting intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have been proposed as an explanation for ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Runaway core collapse inside a massive cluster is a possible mechanism for IMBH formation. But if so, why are ULXs only rarely found associated with a cluster? We use a simple analytical approximation to show that rapid core collapse can occur in two physical regimes. For...