Background Dopamine D2 receptors are reported to have high-affinity (D2High) and low-affinity (D2Low) states. Although an increased proportion of D2High has been demonstrated in animal models of schizophrenia, few clinical studies have investigated this alteration of D2High in schizophrenia in vivo. Methods Eleven patients with schizophrenia, including 10 antipsychotic-naive and 1 antipsychot...

Growth hormone and prolactin response to levodopa were evaluated before and after long-term phenytoin treatment in five men with previously untreated partial epilepsy. After phenytoin treatment, growth hormone response to levodopa increased. There was a close relationship between growth hormone response to levodopa and plasma phenytoin concentrations. These findings suggest a phenytoin-induced ...

Plasma concentration-time data after oral and intravenous administration of dexamethasone have been subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis in six neurological or neurosurgical patients taking the steroid with phenytoin, and in nine patients (one studied twice) taking dexamethasone without phenytoin. An additional patient was studied before and during phenytoin intake. Apparent volume of distribu...

Severe cardiac adverse effects are often related to intravenous phenytoin overdose. However, there is no reported cardiotoxicity resulting from oral overdose of phenytoin. We report a patient with post-traumatic epilepsy who received oral phenytoin for five months and developed life-threatening junctional bradycardia, with his serum phenytoin level reaching up to 91 microg/mL. The patient was s...

PURPOSE To report that acute phenytoin toxicity may result in acute visual dysfunction. METHODS A 19-year old man with cryptogenic simple partial and secondary generalized epilepsy developed blurred vision and xanthopsia after phenytoin loading for status epilepticus. Color blindness was found on testing with Ishihara's pseudo-isochromatic charts and visual fields (Goldmann perimeter) showed ...

To evaluate the effect of phenytoin on burn wounds and to compare the effect of the combination of topical phenytoin preparation in dexamethasone treated burn wounds in rats, partial thickness thermal burn wounds were inflicted upon five groups of six rats each. Group I was assigned as control, Group II received the standard silver sulphadiazine, Group III was given topical phenytoin and Group ...

Abstract Background Phenytoin is a commonly used antiepileptic drug (AED) for postoperative seizure prophylaxis; it associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Fosphenytoin considered safer alternative but can produce prolongation of QT interval. This hypothesis generating pilot study evaluated the changes in hemodynamics and heart rate corrected interval (QTc) phenytoin fosphenytoin during...

Accidental ingestion of phenytoin can lead to severe neurological sequelae. Charcoal hemoperfusion decreases phenytoin levels but has never been reported before in children. We present a child with accidental ingestion of phenytoin who responded to charcoal hemoperfusion.

AIMS Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that trimethoprim (TMP) can inhibit the hepatic metabolism of phenytoin, but the clinical relevance of this is uncertain. We studied the risk of phenytoin toxicity following the prescription of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), a commonly used antibiotic, among elderly patients receiving phenytoin. METHODS We conducted a population-based, nested cas...

BACKGROUND Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a B cell neoplasm causing lytic or osteopenic bone abnormalities. Whole body skeletal survey (WBSS), Magnetic resonance (MR) and 18F-FDG PET/CT are imaging techniques routinely used for the evaluation of bone involvement in MM patients. AIM As MM bone lesions may present low 18F-FDG uptake; the aim of this study was to assess the possible added value and li...