Dopamine and sleep have been independently linked with hippocampus-dependent learning. Since D2 dopaminergic transmission is required for the occurrence of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, it is possible that dopamine affects learning by way of changes in post-acquisition REM sleep. To investigate this hypothesis, we first assessed whether D2 dopaminergic modulation in mice affects novel object ...

This study aimed to find changes in white blood cell profile and liver functions in rats after sterile muscle abscess with Nerium oleander leaves decoction and to find out correlation among serum proteins resolved through SDS PAGE. 10ml/ kg of the leaves extract injected intramuscularly in Wistar rats (225g, n=4). Control animals were injected with saline injection. All the animals were anesthe...

Objectives. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of darunavir and etravirine among HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced adults from GRACE, by sex and race. Methods. Patients received darunavir/ritonavir 600/100mg twice daily plus other antiretrovirals, which could include etravirine 200mg twice daily. Population pharmacokinetics for darunavir and etravirine were determined over ...

Pharmacokinetic analyses comparing generic tacrolimus preparations versus the reference drug in kidney transplant patients are lacking. A prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, two-period (14 days per period), two-sequence, crossover and steady-state pharmacokinetic study was undertaken to compare twice-daily generic tacrolimus (Sandoz) versus reference tacrolimus (Prograf®) in stabl...

BACKGROUND A small bowel obstruction is classified as simple (nonstrangulated) or strangulated. The early recognition with correct diagnosis of small bowel obstruction is a critical issue as the release from strangulation requires surgical emergency. METHODS To evaluate the physiological effect on small bowel obstruction, a metallic ring was put in the small intestine (simple ileus) and a loo...