In this work we further the investigation into the functioning of the Maghribi Traders Coalition – a historically significant traders collective that operated along the North African coast between the 10th and 13th centuries. They acted as a closed group whose interactions were governed by informal institutions (i.e. norms). Historical accounts point to an apprenticeship system that was in forc...

In the medieval period, city of Ahlat was an important urban center in Lake Van region. The suffered serious depredations form military assaults and earthquakes between 13th 16th centuries that caused to be rebuilt at least twice some distance from location. While only meager traces fabric remain, preserves a remarkable funerary landscape cemeteries tomb towers attest dynamic workings local age...

.priscianus of lydia’s solutionum ad chosroem is a series of answers to questions asked at a philosophical debate held at the sasanian court c. 530 ce. priscianus of lydia was one of seven non-christian philosophers from the byzantine empire who journeyed to the sasanian empire to take part in the debate. long overlooked in the history of philosophy, priscianus of lydia’s text represents a bran...

abu zeyd balkhi, the iranian muslim scholar, theologian and philosopher, who lived in third and fourth hijri centuries, is the first scientist who studied the interplay between the mental hygiene or health and the body hygiene or health. he reported his findings and opinions in his book “masalih al-abdan va al-anfos”. balkhi has attributed the orders of creation and universe to the wisdom of go...

The landscape of the study area (fig. 1,2) is underlain by coversand, deposited during the Late Glacial of the Weichselian. In the Preboreal, aeolian processes reduced soil formation (Stichting voor Bodemkaratering, 1972) and from the Preboreal to the Atlantic a deciduous climax forest developed (Janssen, 1974). The geomorphology was a coversand landscape, composed of ridges (umbric podzols), c...

Dancing mania is a clinical and cultural phenomenon which occurred in Western Europe between 13th and 18th centuries. The term dancing mania is derived from the Greek words choros, a dance, and mania, a madness. An Italian variant was known as tarantism as victims were believed to have been bitten by tarantula spider. Although symptoms of dancing manias were well documented in contemporary writ...

Background: Recent evidence has indicated that beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) is involved in the production of amyloid beta (Aβ) in patients affected with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore; the purpose of this study was to measure mRNA and plasma levels of BACE1 in AD patients, as an early diagnosis biomarker for such individuals. Methods: A total number of thirty AD patients and thirty normal sub...