The difference between the disease rates of two groups, one exposed and one not exposed to a suspected aetiological factor, is a useful measure of the risk associated with the factor. This measure is of most interest when the association is considered causal, and has been termed the attributable risk (MacMahon and Pugh, 1970). Expressed as a percentage of the total disease rate in a group (the ...

Introduction The use of contraception among currently married women in India has increased from 41 percent in 1992-93 to 56 percent in 2005-06, while the use of spacing method increased slowly; from 10 percent to 18 percent in the same period (IIPS and Macro International, 1995, 2000, and 2007). On the contrary about 27 percent of users of all methods in the country discontinued use within 12 m...

The Opioid Manager is designed to be used as a point-of-care tool for providers prescribing opioids for chronic noncancer pain. It condenses the key elements from the Canadian Opioid Guideline and can be used as a chart insert. The Opioid Manager has been validated and is available for download from the Guideline's Web site http://nationalpaincentre.mcmaster.ca/opioidmanager/. The Opioid Manage...

in this study impact of climate change on operation of gorgan rud basin's dams was evaluated. in this regard temperature and precipitation of the basin for 2011-2035 periods were downscaled using sdsm model and cgcm3-a2 outputs. results showed that annual temperature would increase 0.05°c and annual precipitation would decrease about 4percent. to predict streamflow of the gorgan rud basin ...

BACKGROUND The benefit of coronary-artery revascularization before elective major vascular surgery is unclear. METHODS We randomly assigned patients at increased risk for perioperative cardiac complications and clinically significant coronary artery disease to undergo either revascularization or no revascularization before elective major vascular surgery. The primary end point was long-term m...

New preliminary data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) showed a 9 percent decrease in patient injuries in hospitals in 2012 compared with a 2010 baseline, and an 8 percent decrease in Medicare fee-for-service 30-day readmissions.2 The data also showed improvement on a range of measures for health care-associated infections (HAIs) and conditions, including for SSIs. HEN...

We undertook this study to determine whether patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia, who are at very high risk for gastric cancer, have a reduced secretion of gastrin after stimulation with food or bombesin, a potent gastrin-releasing stimulus. We compared the plasma gastrin responses to bombesin and to a standard test meal in 18 patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia with those...