The aim of this study was to identify Fasciola isolates collected from natural livers of livestock by RFLP and sequencing in southwest of Iran. Morphological examination and biologic characters cannot cause a certainty in the accurate and precise identification and intra and inter-specific differences of Fasciola spp. In this study, we identified Fasciola species using 28S marker in isolates fr...

This study combined nearly complete 28S and 18S rRNA gene sequences (>4100 nt long) to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of basal hexapods (Protura, Collembola, and Diplura). It sequenced more 28S genes, to expand on a previous study from this lab that used 18S plus only a tiny part of the 28S gene. Sixteen species of basal hexapods, five insects, six crustaceans, two myriapods, and tw...

Paractinolaimus sahandi n. sp., found in wet soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of grasses of Sahand Mountains, Iran, is described. This new species is characterized by its long body (3.5-4.7 mm), high a value (74.5-88.5), anterior location of posterior subventral nuclei, occupying 62.5-68.0% of glandularium distance, the presence of 1-4 pre- and 1-3 post-vulval papillae and numerous t...

Species of Oithona (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) are highly abundant, ecologically important, and widely distributed throughout the world oceans. Although there are valid and detailed descriptions of the species, routine species identifications remain challenging due to their small size, subtle morphological diagnostic traits, and the description of geographic forms or varieties. This study examined t...

R2 elements are non-long terminal repeat retrotransposable elements that insert into 28S rRNA genes of most insect species. The single open reading frame of R2 encodes a protein with both endonuclease activity, which cleaves the target site, and reverse transcriptase activity, which uses this cleavage to prime reverse transcription. This target-primed reverse transcription mechanism is also use...

The present study describes the anatomy and surface topography of the metacercaria of Microphallusprimas (Jägerskiöld, 1909) infecting the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) in Aveiro estuary, northern Portugal. The metacercaria species identification resulted from the combined use of morphological and molecular data, particularly the 28S rDNA gene. The metacercariae encysted preferentially in the...

Abstract Eiseniella neapolitana is a semi-aquatic, diploid earthworm that for many years was related to the cosmopolitan species tetraedra and even considered subspecies of it. Norealidys andaluciana described in Spain usually synonymized with E. . We collected 69 specimens from Italy, Spain, Cyprus studied five molecular markers (COI, 16S, 28S, 12S, ND1) their morphology solve this taxonomic p...

Monogeneans are common ectoparasitic flatworms of marine fish. The diplectanid monogenean Diplectanum aequans (Wegener, 1857) (Diplectanidae) is one the most important ectoparasites in wild and cultured European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) worldwide. This parasitic species cause severe pathological damages gills death infected bass. Presently, there no information on molecula...

alpha-sarcin/ricin loop in the 28S rRNA. and by sequence-specific RNA damage to the inhibitors of the peptidyl transferase reaction stress-activated protein kinase JNK1 by Ribotoxic stress response: activation of the

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) form a class of toxins that was identified over a century ago. They continue to fascinate scientists and the public due to their very high activity and long-term stability which might find useful applications in the therapeutic killing of unwanted cells but can also be used in acts of terror. We will focus our review on the canonical plant-derived RIPs whic...