Background: Brain tissue segmentation for delineation of 3D anatomical structures from magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used for neuro-degenerative disorders, characterizing morphological differences between subjects based on volumetric analysis of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but only if the obtained segmentation results are correct. Due to image arti...

results phylogenetic analysis of the gene revealed that pakistani 1a hcv strains are in the start of third cluster and there is a difference between inter pakistani isolates at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. material and methods patient sera infected with hepatitis c virus, genotype 1a, were obtained from molecular diagnostics lab, cemb, university of the punjab lahore by using bd vacu...

nanotechnology involves the ability to see and control individual atoms and molecules which are about 100 nanometer or smaller. one of the major tools used in this field is atomic force microscopy which uses a wealth of techniques to measure the topography and investigates the surface forces in nanoscale. friction force is the representation of the surface interaction between two surfaces an...

In this paper, a modification on the fixed grid finite element method is presented and used in the solution of 2D linear elastic problems. This method uses non-boundary-fitted meshes for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. Special techniques are required to apply boundary conditions on the intersection of domain boundaries and non-boundary-fitted elements. Hence, a new met...

Objective Intrauterine sex hormone environment as indicated by the second to the fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D) can be associated with cancer risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of 2D : 4D with cancer diagnosis, malignancy, and age at presentation. Methods Studies that evaluated the association of 2D : 4D with cancer risk were collected from Pubmed/M...

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) have recently applied as imaging techniques to accurately evaluate left atrial (LA) size, anatomy and function. 3DE and off-line quantification softwares, have allowed, in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging, the most time-efficient and accurate method of LA volume quantification. STE provides a non-Dopple...

allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used in the treatment of patients suffering from hematologic and non-hematologic disorders, but the application is limited by the identification of a suitable donor. umbilical cord blood (ucb) is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cell (hsc) transplantation. despite all advantages, the limited cell dose is one of the  major obstacle...

Earthquake force, loading more than structural capacity, cracking, material fatigue and the other unpredicted events were undeniable in the structure life cycle in order that environmental conditions of the structure would be changed and treats health. Damage of structures such as crack, corrosion of the post tension cables from inappropriate grouting of the post tension structures and etc. can...