A method for fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) silicon nanostructures based on selective formation of porous silicon using ion beam irradiation of bulk p-type silicon followed by electrochemical etching is shown. It opens a route towards the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D silicon-based photonic crystals with high flexibility and industrial compatibility. In this work, we present...

BACKGROUND Quantitation of aortic regurgitation (AR) using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, including vena contracta width (VCW) measurement, is still challenging. Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography can directly measure the vena contracta area (VCA), regardless of the rheological characteristics. We intended to assess the possibility of 3D vena contracta area (3DVCA) as well as 2D ve...

Visualization of high-dimensional data requires a mapping to a visual space. Whenever the goal is to preserve similarity relations a frequent strategy is to use 2D projections, which afford intuitive interactive exploration, e.g., by users locating and selecting groups and gradually drilling down to individual objects. In this paper, we propose a framework for projecting high-dimensional data t...

A quality assurance method that utilizes 3D dosimetry and facilitates clinical interpretation Oldham Mark; Thomas Andrew; O'Daniel Jennifer; Juang Titania; Ibbott Geoffrey; Adamovics John; Kirkpatrick John P International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics (2012), 84(2), 540-6. PURPOSE: To demonstrate a new three-dimensional (3D) quality assurance (QA) method that provides comprehe...

The development of two-dimensional ~2D! profile simulators for fabrication of microelectronics features has significantly progressed during the past few years and now enables modeling of etch profile evolution for many different plasma processing conditions. Increasingly complex devices which have three-dimensional ~3D! ~that is, asymmetric! structures are now being designed. These structures r...

We present a technique to reconstruct dilated lateral brain ventricles, indicative for preterm brain pathologies, in three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) volumes. A sequence of two-dimensional (2D) US images is reconstructed into an isotropic 3D volume using magnetic probe tracking information and specialized software. Subsequently, a slice by slice 2D ventricle area delineation is performed ...

today radiology and imaging are the only and main method to generate geometrical data from body. 3d model of the body will give us the best and reliable information for better understanding and diagnostic. on the other hand with development of cad/cam and rapid prototyping, the 3d printers were born to build 3d models without considering the geometry. today the 3d printers are able to makes a 3...

OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of diagnosing aqueductal patency and image quality between high spatial resolution three-dimensional (3D) high-sampling-efficiency technique (sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions [SPACE]) and T2-weighted (T2W) two-dimensional (2D) turbo spin echo (TSE) at 3-T in patients with hydrocephalus. MATERIALS AN...

Hypoxia is an important characteristic of malignant solid tumors and is considered as a possible causative factor for serious resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The exploration of novel fluorescent probes capable of detecting hypoxia in solid tumors will aid tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we reported the design and synthesis of a series of "off-on" phosphorescence probes for ...

background: the present work aims to study the out-of-field photon calculation accuracy of a commercial treatment planning system (tps), oncentra, for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3d-crt) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (imrt) treatment techniques from elekta synergy medical linear accelerator. materials and methods: accuracy of individual out-of-field dose components was...