Background Most immunomodulatory approaches have focused on enhancing T-cell responses, with immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cells or bispecific antibodies. Although these therapies led to exceptional successes, only a minority of cancer patients benefit from treatments, highlighting the need identify new and molecules that could be exploited in next generation immunot...

Background Defects in regulatory T cell (Treg) number and function are associated with autoimmune diseases including SLE. Interleukin (IL)-2 is essential for the development suppressive of Treg, therapies that exploit ability IL-2 to expand Treg have shown disease-modifying potential SLE 1 . However, low-dose has a short half-life narrow selectivity over conventional CD4+ cells (Tcon) natural k...

Background: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare, potentially fatal condition complicating autoimmune diseases, as their initial manifestation or during its course. Objectives: To describe the pattern of MAS and salient features in patients with rheumatic diseases. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted 16 diagnosed MAS, due to diseases Department Rheumatology, SRI...

Immune system protects body from invading pathogens and other microbes. The immune system consists of white blood cells, leukocytes, which form a complex network along with soluble mediators, cytokines, by which the cells communicate with each other. In addition to secreted soluble mediators, the cells have also direct interactions with each other via their cell surface receptors. The immune sy...