In the 1930s, when the British ruled the country, Jawaharlal Nehru described India's situation as follows: "A servile state, with its splendid strength caged up, hardly daring to breathe freely, governed by strangers from afar; her people poor beyond compare; shortlived and incapable of resisting disease and epidemic; illiteracy rampant; vast areas devoid of all sanitary or medical provision; u...

The late-time accelerated expansion of the universe is a major challenge for cosmology. It may well be that a solution to this problem will require a theory of gravitation beyond General Relativity. It is emphasized that precision cosmology will strongly constrain the possibilities by using observational data probing the background as well as the inhomogeneities.

one of the central issues in shāh-nāma studies concerns the question of “essence” and “art.” in the shāh-nāma’s perspective, the demiurge has created the microcosm (humankind) and the macrocosm (the universe), each with a particular essence. both cannot but submit to the command of their essences. however, the creator has bestowed his discernment on the human world. for this reason, the human b...

Using the usual definitions of information and entropy in quantum gravity and statistical mechanics and the existing views about the relation between information and complexity, we examine the evolution of complexity in an ever expanding universe.

one of the most important issues in philosophy of religion is theanthropology, because the human being is both receiver and addresseeof religion. our view to religion can be changed by our view to human.the present article wants to compare the insight of twophilosophers-one of them from the east and the other from the west. mulla-sadra with the presentation of motion in substance in the center ...

Radio galaxies provide a means to determine the coordinate distance, the luminosity distance, the dimensionless luminosity distance, or the angular size distance to sources with redshifts as large as two. Dimensionless coodinate distances for 55 supernovae and 20 radio galaxies are presented and discussed here. The radio galaxy results are consistent with those obtained using supernovae, sugges...

We introduce “anamorphic” cosmology, an approach for explaining the smoothness and flatness of the universe on large scales and the generation of a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of adiabatic density perturbations. The defining feature is a smoothing phase that acts like a contracting universe based on some Weyl frame-invariant criteria and an expanding universe based on other frame-invariant ...

It is currently believed that the atlas of existing protein structures is faithfully represented in the Protein Data Bank. However, whether this atlas covers the full universe of all possible protein structures is still a highly debated issue. By using a sophisticated numerical approach, we performed an exhaustive exploration of the conformational space of a 60 amino acid polypeptide chain desc...