Acquiring the significance of events based on reward-related information is critical for animals to survive and to conduct social activities. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for reward-related information processing has been suggested. To examine whether or not neurons in this cortex represent reward information flexibly when a visual stimulus indicates either a rewarded or unrewarded o...

We compared single-cell activities in perirhinal cortex (PRh) as well as adjacent visual cortex (area TE) across two tasks. One task required the monkey to identify any stimulus repetition within a sequence of object stimuli. In the other task, the same stimuli were presented, but the monkey didn't have to remember them. PRh responses during the object-memory task were elevated relative to thos...

Milk samples were taken from 10 plains viscacha between 9 and 64 days post partum. Mean concentrations (+/- s.e.) were 17 +/- 1.1 mM-Na; 32 +/- 1.6 mM-K; 35 +/- 2.2 mM-Cl; 116 +/- 3.3 mM-lactose (total reducing sugar) (all in 8 samples); less than 10-220 mg citrate/l (range of 4 samples); 15.7 +/- 0.64 g total nitrogen/l (3 samples). The Na:K ratio was 1:1.95 +/- 0.17. It was estimated that the...

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding pelletized broccoli byproducts (PBB) on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. In Trial 1, an in vitro gas test determined the optimal replacement level of PBB in a concentrate mixture in a mixed substrate with Chinese wild ryegrass hay (50:50, w/w) at levels of 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% (dry matter basis). When t...

The word “Layers” refers to the deferent layers within a communications system—such as an organization’s or person’s website—that together make communication possible. The idea of “Layers” is attributed to Yochai Benkler, Professor of Law at New York University, who first used it to describe a communications system that is divided in three distinct layers: 1. The “physical” layer across which c...

Twenty lactating Ossimi ewes were randomly distributed according to weight and their average milk yield into 4 groups, (5 each). One group fed berseem hay (BH) (Triforum alxanderinum); the second fed, quinoa (QH);  third corn silage(CS), while fourth was  fed silage (QS). All groups offered similar amounts of barley grains (500 g/h/d) as concentrate feed, or ad lib. Results showed that characte...

the present study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters and genetic, environmental and phenotypic trends of milk production traits in holstein cattle of hamedan province. in this study 11986 305-d records of first three parities of hamedan province holstein cattle, which were gathered during 1990-2011, were used. variance-covariance components and breeding values were estimated using ani...

s, pp. 113 114.Leon WattsFeature

The transition to turbulence in pipe and plane Couette flow differs from the better understood situation of Taylor-Couette or Rayleigh-Bénard flow in that the laminar profile is stable against infinitesimal perturbations for all Reynolds numbers. Moreover, even when turbulent flow is established, it can spontaneously return to laminar flow. These observations are compatible with the formation o...

By the late 1800s, both phenacetin and acetanilide were used as analgesics and antipyretics, but their acceptance was limited by significant side effects including methemoglobinemia. N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) is a major metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, and is responsible for, both analgesia and antipyresis. APAP was synthesized in 1878 and has a low risk of causing methemoglobinemi...