The star formation histories of Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxies and more distant potential LG members are reviewed. Problems in defining the spatial extent of the LG and membership are briefly discussed. The morphological types found in the LG are presented, and it is suggested that we see continuous evolution from low-mass dwarf irregulars (dIrrs) to dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph) in the LG....

Main results. A rigorous proof that the number of comparisons of keys performed in the worst case by Heapsort on any array of size N ≥ 2 is equal to: 2(N − 1) ( lg N − 1 2 + ε )− 2s2(N)− e2(N) + min(blg(N − 1)c, 2) + 6 + c, where ε, given by: ε = 1 + dlg (N − 1)e − lg (N − 1)− 2dlg (N−1)e−lg (N−1), is a function of N with the minimum value 0 and and the supremum value δ = 1− lg e+ lg lg e ≈ 0.0...

Linguistic Geometry (LG) is a type of game theory for extensive discrete games scalable to the level of real life defense systems. LG was developed by generalizing experiences of the advanced chess players. In this paper we summarize experiences of highly successful application of LG to a diverse set of board games and military operations. We believe that LG has a more fundamental nature than s...

A static dictionary is a data structure for storing a subset S of a nite universe U so that membership queries can be answered eeciently. We explore space eecient structures to also nd the rank of an element if found. We rst give a representation of a static dictionary that takes n lg m + O(lg lg m) bits of space and supports membership and rank (of an element present in S) queries in constant ...

In the model of restricted parallel links, n users must be routed on m parallel links under the restriction that the link for each user be chosen from a certain set of allowed links for the user. In a (pure) Nash equilibrium, no user may improve its own Individual Cost (latency) by unilaterally switching to another link from its set of allowed links. The Price of Anarchy is a widely adopted mea...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of k-casein (k-cn), β-lactoglobulin (b-lg) and leptin (lp) genes in iranian holstein cattle by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) technique. dna was extracted from blood samples of 139 cows using a modified phenol chloroform method. association between k-cn, b-lg and lp genes’ polymorphism w...

BACKGROUND Up to 1 in 6 patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) present with low-ejection fraction, low-gradient (LEF-LG) severe aortic stenosis and concomitant relevant mitral regurgitation (MR) is present in 30% to 55% of these patients. The effect of MR on clinical outcomes of LEF-LG patients undergoing TAVI is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 606 consecutive pati...

In the path minimum query problem, we preprocess a tree on n weighted nodes, such that given an arbitrary path, we can locate the node with the smallest weight along this path. We design novel succinct indices for this problem; one of our index structures supports queries in O(α(m,n)) time, and occupiesO(m) bits of space in addition to the space required for the input tree, where m is an intege...

We report on the first experimental demonstration of higher-order Laguerre-Gauss (LG(p)(ℓ)) mode generation and interferometry using a method scalable to the requirements of gravitational wave (GW) detection. GW detectors which use higher-order LG(p)(ℓ) modes will be less susceptible to mirror thermal noise, which is expected to limit the sensitivity of all currently planned terrestrial detecto...

beta-Lactoglobulin (beta-LG) is a bovine milk protein sensitive to thermal denaturation. Previously, we demonstrated that such structural change can be detected by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to denatured beta-LG. In the present study, we show a dramatic increase in beta-LG immunoreactivity when heating raw milk between 70 and 80 degrees C. To map out the specific epitope of beta-LG re...