Shape morphing materials, especially those fabricated by 4D printing, are gaining much attention due to their versatility of actuation and capability being programmed in advance. These materials become particularly interesting for biomedical applications where implant could be remotely actuated, exerting a force on the surrounding tissues cells. However, this field have been restricted biocompa...

4D printing magnetic structures with excellent strength activated a low level of field are always desired but challenging. This work studies the influence simultaneous magnetization on magneto-mechanical performance 4D-printed active polymers. The main aim is to magnetise iron polylactic acid (PLA) material during via fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. During process, samples performed i...

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized tissue engineering field because of its excellent potential of accurately positioning cell-laden constructs. One of the main challenges in the formation of functional engineered tissues is the lack of an efficient and extensive network of microvessels to support cell viability. By printing vascular cells and appropriate biomaterials,...

Photocurable, biocompatible liquid resins are highly desired for 3D stereolithography based bioprinting. Here we solidified a novel renewable soybean oil epoxidized acrylate, using a 3D laser printing technique, into smart and highly biocompatible scaffolds capable of supporting growth of multipotent human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Porous scaffolds were readily fabricated by s...

4D printing has grown tremendously in the last decade, enabling functional structures made of smart materials to be manufactured. Current metal research focused on thermal shape memory alloys (SMAs) and a lesser extent magnetic SMAs. This review assesses progress Ni–Mn–Ga, highlighting key challenges opportunities for applications. The mechanism SMAs influence process parameters microstructure ...

3D printing is revolutionizing the manufacturing sector due to myriad of materials and techniques available. Furthermore, it allows decentralized production sites for both industry public. However, restricted static structures that cannot react external stimuli or adapt environment are, therefore, not suitable functional motile parts. Recently, two approaches are proposed give dynamism printed ...