The most recent developments in the use of hydrolytic enzymes proteases, lipases and nitrilases are summarized: Sterically demanding a,a-disubstituted carboxylic esters can be enzymatically resolved using a commercially available protease derived from Aspergillus oryzae. A significant enhancement of selectivity and activity of Candida cylindracea lipase in irreversible acyl transfer reactions m...

The dicarbonylation of 1,3-butadiene to adipic acid derivatives offers the potential for a more cost-efficient and environmentally benign industrial process. However, complex reaction network regioisomeric carbonylation isomerization pathways, make selective direct transformation particularly difficult. Here, we report surprising solvent effects on this palladium-catalysed process in presence 1...

Four new quinoxaline-spanned cavitands having a diester hydrogen phosphate group were successfully synthesised. These phosphorous derivatives applied in Brønsted acid-assisted catalytic conjugate addition reactions. The results ranked with the control of diphenyl as well among those four cavitands. structure–activity relationship revealed that catalyst centre surrounded by two trans-positioned ...