Flame weeding is an alternative method of weed control. Essentially, it a supplement to other physical and mechanical processes used in organic production. Weed control costs have large share the total cost crop This study aimed investigate hand hoeing’s cost-effectiveness, accompanied by inter-row cultivation flame applied maize production using two different machines determine economically be...

Herbicide application has long been considered the most efficient weed control method in agricultural production worldwide. However, long-term use of agrochemicals numerous negative effects on crops and environment. Bearing mind these impacts, EU strategy for withdrawing many herbicides from use, modern market demands healthy safe food, there is a need developing new effective, sustainable, eco...

to study the response of pinto-bean yield and yield components in intercropping with maize and naked-pumpkin under weed competition, two similar experiments were conducted in rasht and roudsar separately each in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications on factorial arrangements experiment in 2013. the treatments of first factor consisted of  pinto bean (100 and 75%) sole cropping,...

Women are involved in planting, transplanting, weeding, harvesting and processing activities in paddy cultivation system. These operations are most drudgeries activities performed by them. During these operations the women face many physical and physiological problems. Keeping this in view the physical strain with respect to working heart rate (WHR), Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), Energy expend...

To assess potential effects of seed limitation, characteristics of invader species and characteristics of established plant communities on recruitment success, we conducted a split-plot experiment factorially combining three weeding treatments corresponding to increasing successional age (regular weeding < cessation of weeding after three years < never weeded since sowing) with two seed limitat...

North American prairie vegetation has been a role model for designing highly attractive plantings for German urban green spaces for the past decade. In combination with gravel mulch top layers on planting sites and non-selective maintenance techniques like mowing or burning, prairie plantings are considered to be cost-effective and low-maintenance. This study was undertaken to assess the impact...

to evaluate the effect of combined use of weeds control an different mechanical methods on weeds number and dry weight in cotton , a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the region of boshruyeh in 2012. experimentals factors were tillage methods as main-plots with three levels, including conventional tillage, no-till system and minimum tillage; and di...

This research evaluated the effectiveness of biodegradable mulches for weed control in container-grown ‘Martin’ giant arborvitae (Thuja plicata) and measured the effects of these mulches on evaporation and substrate temperature. The experiment was carried out in the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. Four biodegradable mulching materials were tested and compared with a chemical control (oxadiazon) ...