In the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (WSS) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). The first group exposed to WSS in the pr...

3ubtypes of muscarmic receptors, first hypothesized by Birdsall et al. ~ to explain the anomalous binding of cholinergic agonists to brain receptors~ were later demonstrated with the seEective muscarinic antagonist, pirenzepine 2. Interestingly, the search for selective antagonists, which usually follows the acceptance of a concept, antedated by many years the notion of heterogeneity of rmecari...

In the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (WSS) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). The first group exposed to WSS in the pr...

Primary dysmenorrhea describes the intensely painful uterine contractions experienced during menstruation. It is associated with elevated prostaglandin production in area and primarily affects adolescents. There are several treatment options available for primary dysmenorrhea, however, there a lapse research assessing their efficacy reliability. The purpose of this review to provide an overview...

in this paper, a general introduction is given, presenting the overactive bladder syndrome (oab) and its impact on the quality of life and economical burden in patients affected. moreover, the anatomy, physiology and histology of the lower urinary tract are discussed, followed by a brief overview on the possible role of prostaglandin (pg) and phosphodiesterase type 5 (pde5) in the urinary bladd...

Blockage of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is now recognized as an effective approach to the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Today, it is possible to antagonize the effects of angiotensin II (AT-II) more specifically by blocking its receptors by using nonpeptide receptor antagonists. AT-II-receptor antagonists were developed as agents that would more completely block...

RATIONALE Given the large number of patients that does not respond sufficiently to currently available treatment for anxiety disorders, there is a need for improved treatment. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the anxiolytic effects of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)1 receptor antagonists and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists in the separation-induced vocalization test in guinea pigs and tr...

The UV radiation in sunlight is the primary cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Moreover, UV exposure induces immune suppression. Early steps in the cascade of events leading to immune suppression are the binding of UV-induced platelet-activating factor (PAF) to its receptor and the binding of cis-urocanic acid, a photoreceptor for UVB radiation, to the serotonin (5-HT(2A)) receptor. Here, we tes...

The UV radiation in sunlight is the primary cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Moreover, UV exposure induces immune suppression. Early steps in the cascade of events leading to immune suppression are the binding of UVinduced platelet-activating factor (PAF) to its receptor and the binding of cis-urocanic acid, a photoreceptor for UVB radiation, to the serotonin (5-HT2A) receptor. Here, we tested...

Metoclopramide was described in 1964 as an anti-emetic drug and stimulant of gastrointestinal motility. Dopamine D2 receptor antagonism explained the anti-emetic activity and was suggested to stimulate gastrointestinal motility. An important use of metoclopramide and other D2 receptor antagonists is to inhibit emesis caused by anticancer chemo radiotherapy. However, the use of new platinum-base...