In the present paper, we describe the design, execution, and the results of an outdoor experimental campaign involving the Engineering Model of the first of the two Argentinean L-band Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) of the Satélite Argentino de Observación con Microondas (SAOCOM) mission, SAOCOM-1A. The experiment’s main objectives were to test the end-to-end SAR operation and to assess the in...

Using US county data, we estimate employment growth equations to analyze how the spatial distribution of jobs has changed between 1972 and 2000. We find that total employment has become increasingly concentrated. This aggregate picture hides important sectoral differences though: whereas non-service employment has been spreading out, service jobs have clustered in areas of high aggregate employ...

Atmospheric forcing, which is known to have a strong influence on surface ocean dynamics and production, is typically not considered in studies of the deep sea. Our observations and models demonstrate an unexpected influence of surface-generated mesoscale eddies in the transport of hydrothermal vent efflux and of vent larvae away from the northern East Pacific Rise. Transport by these deep-reac...

Observations of extreme spatial rates of change of ionospheric electron content and the characterization strategy for mitigation applied by the U.S. local area augmentation system are shown. During extreme ionospheric activity, the gradient suffered by a global navigation satellite system user a few kilometers away from a ground reference station may reach as high as 425 mm of delay (at the GPS...

Polar regions have long acted as a chemical sink for the planet—locking away pollutants. Understanding how pollutants travel from temperate to poles is priority of environmental chemists, especially climate change intensifies problem pollution. Answers will be key creating livable Arctic. For 300 polar bears that call Svalbard, Norway, home, rocky archipelago between top Norway and North Pole r...

Abstract This paper analyses the usage of open data for planning shelters related to volcanic hazard posed by Semeru Volcano, Lumajang Regency. The methodology involved collecton, spatial creation and analysis determine a potential shelter location. Shelter Volcano eruption is based at schools religious facilities. There are 627 schools, which 612 (97.61%) located outside disaster hazard-prone ...

A surprising discovery has been made that in some cases the complex, highly scattered Lg wave is found to be similar for clusters of events. We analyze in detail a subset of 28 out of 90 events from the 1999 Xiuyan sequence. Cross correlations provide highly accurate differential travel-time measurements. Their error estimated from the internal consistency is about 7 msec. These travel-time dif...

Visible (VIS)-light and thermal infrared (IR) inferior mirages in the 8-14 μm waveband have been observed simultaneously for the takeoff and landing of various airplanes at distances of several kilometers. Similarities as well as differences between the VIS and IR mirages are discussed.

In June and July 1997, Nomad, a planetary-relevant mobile robot, traversed more than 220 kilometers across the barren Atacama Desert in Chile, exploring a landscape analogous to the surfaces of the Moon and Mars. In this unprecedented demonstration, Nomad operated both autonomously and under the control of operators thousands of kilometers away, addressing issues of robot configuration, communi...