نتایج جستجو برای: a dummy variable is added
تعداد نتایج: 14150687 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
1 Miary złożoności gier Louis Victor Allis w [2] zaproponował i, posługując się przykładami wielu gier, pokazał zasadność następujących miar oceny trudności znalezienia rozwiązania dwuosobowych gier z doskonałą informacją, o sumie stałej: • Złożoność przestrzeni stanów (ang. state-space/search-space complexity) jest to liczba legalnych, różnych pozycji osiągalnych z pozycji początkowej. • Złożo...
Dummy variables are variables that take the values of only 0 or 1. They may be explanatory or outcome variables; however, the focus of this article is explanatory or independent variable construction and usage. Typically, dummy variables are used in the following applications: time series analysis with seasonality or regime switching; analysis of qualitative data, such as survey responses; cate...
This paper shows a new axiomatization of the Shapley value by using two axioms. First axiom is Dummy Player Property and second axiom is Strong Addition Invariance. Strong Addition Invariance states that the payoff vector of a game does not change even if we add some specific games to the game. By slightly changing the definition of Strong Addition Invariance, we can also axiomatize the weighte...
Sprawl is faulted for contributing to excessive commuting and transportation costs, raising the cost of providing infrastructure and other public services (Carruthers, 2002). With the advent of the environmental movement in the 1960s, concern for the impact urban growth was having on the environment caused a surge of growth management legislation that eventually led to several states implementi...
To simplify the task of proving termination of term rewriting systems, several elimination methods, such as the dummy elimination, the distribution elimination, the general dummy elimination and the improved general dummy elimination, have been proposed. In this paper, we show that the argument ltering method combining with the dependency pair technique is essential in all the above elimination...
In this paper, we present an algorithm for finding utilitarian optimal solutions to Simple and Disjunctive Temporal Problems with Preferences (STPPs and DTPPs) based on Benders’ decomposition and adopting SAT techniques. In our approach, each temporal constraint is replaced by a Boolean indicator variable and the decomposed problem is solved by a tightly integrated STP solver and SAT solver. Se...
Economic literature has identified two potential types of racial discrimination in sports careers: exit discrimination and wage discrimination. The authors test for both types of discrimination in National Basketball Association (NBA) data in two ways. First using a modified Heckman procedure, they control for potential survival bias that may arise from exit discrimination in panel data and cou...
This thesis seeks to understand the relationships between salary, non-monetary factors, and job satisfaction in the labor market. It applies lessons from both economic theory and sociological research as it contextualizes and studies these different aspects of the labor market. In a regression comparing salary and non-monetary factors, only two out of 16 dummy variables are statistically signif...
This paper empirically explores the determinants of corporate research and development (R&D) intensity in the Canadian context with a sample of 134 TSE companies. Specifically we investigate in cross-section the impact of various governance and firm-specific variables on firms’ R&D intensity. We find that, in the case of governance variables, percentage of inside director, Directors’ ownership,...
Microstrip patch antennas have several advantages over conventional antennas including their low profile structure, light weight and low cost. As such, they have been widely used in a variety of applications. However, one of the major drawbacks of this antenna is the low bandwidth. In this paper, bandwidth of a dual patch antenna is improved by etching dummy EBG pattern on the feedline. Effects...
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