BACKGROUND This study examined the associations of subjective and objective measures of the neighbourhood environment with the transportation physical activity of community-dwelling older persons in Singapore. METHOD A modified version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) measures of the built environment characteristics were relat...

Historically, changes in transport infrastructures have produced a progressive contraction of space, in the sense that travel times have been shortened and transport costs have been reduced. Improvement of transportation networks reduces interaction costs, increases the overall competitiveness of the system and allows for more specialization such that economies of scale and specialization benef...

The UN’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for the provision of universal access to: (a) safe, inclusive, and accessible green public spaces, (b) affordable, accessible, sustainable transport systems all. Barcelona axes plan aims to transform one third streets within its 19th century extension grid, increasing tree cover vegetation, adopting urban drainage systems, limiting motor t...

This paper explores how the automobile has indirectly led to dramatic changes in patterns of accessibility to retail and service activity within metropolitan regions. The automobile instigated a greater articulation of the hierarchy of transportation facilities, as reflected in a greater differentiation between the local and the regional systems. At the same time, the automobile instigated a co...

about half a century ago, following the introduction of urban sprawl up concept, various studies have been conducted to describe the mechanism and the formation of this phenomenon. some of these studies aimed at finding the negative and positive impacts of such phenomenon on urban area with emphasis on how such concept may be looked open from environmental, economical and social perspectives.th...