Macromolecule biosynthesis is required to duplicate cell components and support proliferation. Studies examining the nutrients used by cancer cells have focused on the contribution of glucose and glutamine carbon for biosynthesis, but the importance of other metabolic fuels is becoming apparent. Labeling of two-carbon units in newly synthesized lipids has been used to infer the nutrients that c...

BACKGROUND N-acetyl transferase (NAT) inactivates the pro-drug isoniazid (INH) to N-acetyl INH through a process of acetylation, and confers low-level resistance to INH in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Similar to NAT of MTB, NAT2 in humans performs the same function of acetylation. Rapid acetylators, may not respond to INH treatment efficiently, and could be a potential risk factor, for the...

Reversible protein acetylation is a ubiquitous means for the rapid control of diverse cellular processes. Acetyltransferase enzymes transfer the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to lysine residues, while deacetylase enzymes catalyze removal of the acetyl group by hydrolysis or by an NAD(+)-dependent reaction. Propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA), like acetyl-CoA, is a high energy product of fatty acid metabo...

Experimental evidence indicates that Ehrlich ascites tumor cells resistant to daunorubicin (DNR) have a higher active drug extrusion than do wild-type cells. In the present study, the possibility of circumventing this mechanism of resistance by addition of an analog of DNR, N-acetyldaunorubicin (N-acetyl-DNR), was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The affinity of N-acetyl-DNR was 7 times lower...

In an earlier paper (1) the writer described the preparation and isolation of three crystalline acetyl derivatives of pepsin. They were, "100 per cent active" acetyl pepsin in which the 3 or 4 primary amino groups of pepsin had been acetylated with less than 15 per cent change in the specific activity; "60 per cent active" acetyl pepsin whichcontained 6-11 acetyl groups per molecule; and "10 pe...

We have presented evidence that stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, (PDH.) kinase activity by pyruvate or by acetyl-CoA is mediated through acetylation of lipoyl moieties (Cate, R. L., and Roche, T. E. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253,496-503). In accord with this indirect mechanism for the action of these effecters, we now find that the degree of stimulation of PDH, kinase increases with the level...

Current evidence suggests that the effects of lithium on metabolic and signaling pathways in the brain may vary depending on the specific clinical condition or disease model. For example, lithium increases levels of cerebral N-acetyl aspartate in patients with bipolar disorder but does not appear to affect N-acetyl aspartate levels in normal human subjects. Conversely, lithium significantly dec...

Protein acetylation has emerged as a means of controlling levels of mRNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Here we report that acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) stimulates RNA polymerase II transcription in vitro in the absence of histones. The effect of acetyl-CoA on basal and activated transcription was studied in a human RNA polymerase II transcription system reconstituted from recombinant and hig...

Mitochondria from Pisum sativum seedlings purified free of peroxisomal and chlorophyll contamination were examined for acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydrolase activity. Acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity was latent when assayed in isotonic media. The majority of the enzyme activity was found in the soluble matrix of the mitochondria. The products, acetate and CoA, were quantified by two independent method...

A previous study postulated that acetate metabolism was a metabolic sensory mechanism that related information about E. coli's environment to the formation of biofilms (Prüβ et al., Arch. Microbiol. 2010). Considering that mutants in pta ackA (no acetyl phosphate) and ackA (high acetyl phosphate) exhibited similarly increased biofilm amounts and three dimensional structures, the hypothesis for ...