Background The current translational work is an outgrowth of a mechanistic framework in rodents with cognitive deficits and depressive-like traits, wherein the levels pivotal mitochondrial metabolite acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) are decreased signal to brain abnormal activity histone acetyltransferase expression genes key for neuronal plasticity, such as mGlu2 (a inhibitor glutamate release). Yet, ...

other laboratories (6), it makes economic sense to consolidate to one platform that can perform multiple assays without operator intervention. We have extended this method to include measurements of acetyl carnitine (data not shown). In this case, a mixture of labeled carnitines are added to plasma, and concentrations are calculated from calibration curves for free, acetyl, and total carnitine....

Palmitoyl-CoA (Pal-CoA) lowered the respiratory control ratio (RCR), and induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT) and cytochrome c (Cyt. c) release from isolated rat liver mitochondria. L-Carnitine suppressed the Pal-CoA-induced dysfunction, MPT, and Cyt. c release of isolated mitochondria. This suppression was inhibited by cephaloridine, an inhibitor of carnitine uptake int...

Journal of Lipid Research Volume 55, 2014 635 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. L -Carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient that serves as a substrate for a family of acyltransferase enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of acyl-CoAs and acylcarnitines. Unlike their acyl-CoA precursors, acylcarnitines can be transported across cellu...

In addition to hemorrhagic cystitis, Fanconi Syndrome is a serious clinical side effect during ifosfamide (IFO) therapy. Fanconi syndrome is a generalized dysfunction of the proximal tubule which is characterized by excessive urinary excretion of glucose, phosphate, bicarbonate, amino acids and other solutes excreted by this segment of the nephron including L-carnitine. Carnitine is essential c...

We have investigated in the current study the possible protective effects of two carnitine esters known to have powerful anti-oxidant potential namely, propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) and acetyl L-carnitine (AC) against alcohol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Both drugs were administered as a single oral dose of 200 mg kg(-1) body weight 1h before alcohol intake. Both carnitine esters could protec...

Mitochondria play important roles in human physiological processes, and therefore, their dysfunction can lead to a constellation of metabolic and nonmetabolic abnormalities such as a defect in mitochondrial gene expression, imbalance in fuel and energy homeostasis, impairment in oxidative phosphorylation, enhancement of insulin resistance, and abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism. As a conseq...