before constitution revolution, advocacy in our country governed by islamic law and lawyers introduced as a free profession in means of that law. after that revolution the government promulgated some rules for its regulation as an official profession. by act of bar association independence, this profession declared independent. many lawyers after islamic revolution have been filtrated and by th...

there are two different contradictory approach regarding the interaction of the state immunity and jus cogens. some jurist argue that jus cogens rules should prevail over other inconsistent ordinary rules of international law including state immunity. this argument therefore depends upon the existence of conflict between rules of jus cogens, and the rule of customary law which requires one stat...

Our purpose is to construct a domain independent platform for task-oriented spoken dialogue system. It is expected to generalize architecture of spoken dialogue system for making it easy to develop a system that can support and act to solve problems for user by using speech input and output. In this research, we propose a method of describing hierarchically internal knowledge for solving proble...

on december 11, 2008, the united nations adopted the “convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea”, more colloquially known as the “rotterdam rules” for the city which hosted the convention’s signing ceremony on september 23, 2009. rotterdam convention approved the “presumption of responsibility” as the basis of carrier’s responsibility and listed the...

in this paper‎, ‎based on cas wavelets we present quadrature rules for numerical solution‎ ‎of double and triple integrals with variable limits of integration‎. ‎to construct new method‎, ‎first‎, ‎we approximate the unknown function by cas wavelets‎. ‎then by using suitable collocation points‎, ‎we obtain the cas wavelet coefficients that these coefficients are applied in approximating the unk...

i n troduction: cancer is a major cause of mortality in the modern world, and one of the most important health problems in societies. during recent years, research on cancer as a system biology disease is focused on molecular differences between cancer cells and healthy cells. most of the proposed methods for classifying cancer using gene expression data act as black boxes and lack biological i...

INTRODUCTION Section 6002 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as the Sunshine Act, requires that manufacturers report payments or other transfers of value made to physicians and teaching hospitals [1,2]. The tracking of such payments goes into effect on August 1, 2013, and the new rules could affect radiologists. In this column, I pose and answer several questions rega...

To legislate complex topics, both the Dutch and Swedish legislature use goal legislation. Goal acts contain abstract goals which regulatee should reach instead of detailed prescriptions how act. combine these rules with an assignment to other actors ‘concretize’ into more rules: they shift further regulation away from traditional legislature, gives freedom. But if does not concretize main act, ...

This part provides rules of practice for administrative hearings relating to the enforcement of section 41 of the Longshoremen’s and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act and the safety regulations promulgated thereunder which are published in parts 1915 and 1918 of this subtitle. This part applies only to proceedings held under section 41(b)(5) of the Act. It does not apply to any other administrat...

Speech acts in natural language dialogues can be regarded as intentional acts performed by a dialogue participant to innuence the relevant aspects of the mental state of a recipient. In this paper, a framework is discussed for deriving the beliefs and intentions of a speaker from a certain speech act. To this end, the notion of a speech act is replaced by the formal notion of a communicative ac...