Abstract Extracellular signaling molecules, among them the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), enable cells to communicate with neighboring cells. Such molecules that receive and transmit a signal require specific tyrosine kinase receptors located at cell surface (fibroblast factor receptors, FGFRs). The binding of molecule its receptor results in dimerization conformational changes cytoplasmic p...

Opioid and opioid-like receptors are activated by a variety of endogenous peptides including [Met]enkephalin (met), [Leu]enkephalin (leu), β-endorphin (β-end), α-neodynorphin, dynorphin A (dynA), B (dynB), big (Big dyn), nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ); endomorphin-1 endomorphin-2 also potential peptides. The Greek letter nomenclature for the opioid receptors, μ, δ κ, is well established, NC-IUP...