This paper argues that transcendental phenomenology (here represented by Edmund Husserl) can accommodate the main thesis of semantic externalism, namely, that intentional content is not simply a matter of what is ‘in the head,’ but depends on how the world is. I first introduce the semantic problem as an issue of how linguistic tokens or mental states can have ‘content’—that is, how they can se...

Consciousness is not only a philosophical but also a technological issue, since a conscious agent has evolutionary advantages. Thus, to replicate a biological level of intelligence in a machine, concepts of machine consciousness have to be considered. The widespread internalistic assumption that humans do not experience the world as it is, but through an internal ‘3D virtual reality model’, hin...

Computational models of colour vision assume that the biological function of colour vision is to detect surface reflectance. Some philosophers invoke these models as a basis for 'externalism' about perceptual content (content is distal) and 'objectivism' about colour (colour is surface reflectance). In an earlier article (Thompson et al. 1992), I criticized the 'computational objectivist' posit...

Abstract It is commonly accepted that the definition of knowledge not among main epistemological concerns period between Plato and Edmund Gettier. Kalām an exception to rule. scholars provide a detailed philosophical analysis difference mere true belief. In this article, I am focusing on in one tradition kalām , Bahšamite Muʿtazilism. will argue factive mental state for Bahšamites. also show co...

This article investigates the conceptual foundations of technological innovation and development projects that aim to bring ethical and social issues into the design stage. Focusing on the ethics and social impact of technological innovation and development has been somewhat of a trend lately, for instance in ELSA research and in such initiatives as the Dutch Responsible Innovation programme. I...

• Internalism about justification is a very strong claim. Internalists hold that justification is entirely an internal matter. Even a position where justification is predominantly but not fully internal counts as externalist. • Epistemic justification is only one of many epistemic statuses that one can be an internalist or externalist about. Beliefs can be justified, rational, accurate, respons...

Two well-known approaches to the problem of logical omniscience, impossible-worlds semantics and awareness structures, are described. Both approaches can be used to model logically ignorant agents, but both also have drawbacks when it comes to making a distinction between knowledge and veridical belief, modelling rational agents and explaining the appropriate conditions on models to do so. An a...