A comprehensive timing jitter comparison is made for mode-locked semiconductor lasers using active, passive, and hybrid mode-locking techniques in both external and monolithic cavity configurations. Active mode locking gives the lowest residual rms timing jitter of 65 fs ( 150 Hz-50 MHz), followed by the hybrid and passive mode-locking techniques. It is found that monolithic cavity devices with...

Thrombin is an allosteric serine protease existing in two forms, slow and fast, targeted toward anticoagulant and procoagulant activities. The slow --> fast transition is induced by Na+ binding to a site contained within a cylindrical cavity formed by three antiparallel beta-strands of the B-chain (Met180-Tyr184a, Lys224-Tyr228, and Val213-Gly219) diagonally crossed by the Glu188-Glu192 strand....

The three-dimensional field distribution of the diffractive cavity mode structure in an active, open, unstable laser resonator is presented as a function of the equivalent Fresnel number of the cavity. The active cavity mode structures are compared to that of the corresponding passive cavity so that the effects of a spatially extended, homogeneously broadened, saturable gain medium on the cavit...

Influence of externally forced initial flow conditions on axisymmetric cavity shear layer were studied. A sinusoidally heated strip upstream of the cavity excited Tollmien-Schlichting waves which, after amplification by the boundary layer, were introduced to the cavity shear layer. By choosing forcing frequencies within the range of shear layer receptivity, it was possible to control frequency ...

leiomyoma of nasal cavity is a rare and benign tumor of smooth muscle origin that uncommonly arises from the nasal septum. we present an unusual case of histopathologically diagnosed locally extensive leiomyoma of the nasal septum which was clinically and radiologically misdiagnosed as malignancy of the nasal cavity. this case report emphasizes the rare occurrence of this entity at this site an...

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a central piece in the replication machinery of RNA viruses. In picornaviruses this essential RdRp activity also uridylates the VPg peptide, which then serves as a primer for RNA synthesis. Previous genetic, binding, and biochemical data have identified a VPg binding site on poliovirus RdRp and have shown that is was implicated in VPg uridylation. More...

Nest site selection is a frequent context for decision making in ants, but little is known of the criteria used to make a choice. We tested the nest site preferences of Leptothorax curvispinosus, both by measuring hollow acorn nests occupied in nature, and by inducing laboratory colonies to choose between artificial nests of different design. Three criteria were examined. (1) Entrance size: the...

Human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a major hepatic and intestinal enzyme that oxidizes more than 60% of administered therapeutics. Knowledge of how CYP3A4 adjusts and reshapes the active site to regioselectively oxidize chemically diverse compounds is critical for better understanding structure-function relations in this important enzyme, improving the outcomes for drug metabolism prediction...

The cytochrome P450 CYP101D2 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444 is closely related to CYP101D1 from the same bacterium and to P450cam (CYP101A1) from Pseudomonas putida. All three are capable of oxidizing camphor stereoselectively to 5-exo-hydroxycamphor. The crystal structure of CYP101D2 revealed that the likely ferredoxin-binding site on the proximal face is largely positively char...