The septohippocampal system has been implicated in the cognitive deficits associated with ethanol consumption, but the cellular basis of ethanol action awaits full elucidation. In the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB), a muscarinic tone, reflective of firing activity of resident cholinergic neurons, regulates that of their noncholinergic, putatively GABAergic, counterparts. Here we t...

OBJECTIVES Binge alcohol drinking often triggers myocardial contractile dysfunction although the underlying mechanism is not fully clear. This study was designed to examine the impact of cardiac-specific overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) on ethanol-induced change in cardiac contractile function, intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, insulin and AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) signaling. M...

Acute alcohol consumption causes deficits in motor coordination and gait, suggesting an involvement of cerebellar circuits, which play a role in the fine adjustment of movements and in motor learning. It has previously been shown that ethanol modulates inhibitory transmission in the cerebellum and affects synaptic transmission and plasticity at excitatory climbing fiber (CF) to Purkinje cell sy...

In this study, to assess whether aqueous and ethanol fractions of Angelica keiskei induce acute skin irritation and phototoxicity, acute skin irritancy and phototoxicity tests were performed. The skin of rabbits or guinea pigs was treated with these fractions (100 mg/dose) and whether the animals sustained significant skin damage was determined. The data demonstrated that the aqueous and ethano...

Objective: Acute and chronic ethanol consumption cause oxidative stress and ginger improves suchconditions. In this study, the protective effects of ginger were studied on indices of oxidative stress, total homocysteinelevel and the level of the some of the oxidative stress-associated trace elements against toxicity induced by ethanol in rat eye. Materials and Met...

Systemic ethanol administration alters protein kinase C (PKC) activity in brain, but the effects of ethanol on the expression and translocation of specific isoforms are unknown. Rats were administered ethanol (2 g/kg i.p.) or saline and PKC levels were measured in the cytosolic and membrane fractions by Western blot analysis. PKC expression was increased in the cytosol and decreased in the memb...

To assess the pharmacological safety of dipeptide mimetic 2nd loop BDNF (compound GTS-201) when co-administered with ethanol, its effect on alteration in motor activity induced by ethanol during acute and subchronic administration mice C57Bl/6 DBA/2 was studied. It found that GTS-201 at a dose 5.0 mg / kg, i.p., without affecting spontaneous per se, after preliminary prevented development sedat...

Acute and repeat-dose toxic effects of HOC (7-hydroxycoumarin), ethanol and their mixture were studied in rats. Single oral administration of HOC (5,000 mg/kg) caused transitional glycosuria associated with lowered serum glucose levels, decreased urea clearance. HOC given orally during 28 days (200 mg/kg) decreased serum glucose, and increased serum triglyceride concentrations. No enhancement o...

Both acute and chronic alcohol intake have been shown to independently influence the inflammatory response. Chronically, ethanol intake results in immunosuppression, although patients with chronic ethanol-induced liver injury increase their production of both hepatic and systemic inflammatory markers. In contrast, acute alcohol intake has been shown to result in a diminished injury-induced indu...

Toxicity tests of 95% ethanol extract of the root of Antidesma acidum were studied in male and female rats. The oral acute toxicity test at 5,000 mg/kg revealed that the ethanol extract did not produce toxic effects on signs, general behavious, mortality and gross appearance of internal organs of rats. Furthermore, the oral sub-acute toxicity test at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day displayed no sig...