Among patients with renal failure, those with ARF and critical illness represent by far the largest group undergoing artificial nutrition. ARF, especially in the ICU, seldom occurs as isolated organ failure but rather is a component of a much more complex metabolic environment, in the setting of the multiple organ failure. Nutritional programs for ARF patients must consider not only the metabol...

OBJECTIVE Acute renal failure (ARF) is associated to multiple organ failure (MOF) in critically ill patients and its mortality is high. The main objective was to evaluate the outcome of critically ill patients with ARF and MOF treated with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). DESIGN Retrospective and observational study on critically ill patients. SETTING Medical-surgical Inten...

Acute renal failure (ARF) in the transplanted kidney represents a high-stakes area of nephrology and of transplantation practice. A correct diagnosis can lead to rapid return of renal function; an incorrect diagnosis can lead to loss of the graft and severe sequelae for the patient. The diagnostic possibilities are many (Fig. 10-1) and treatments quite different, although the clinical presentat...

Introduction: Tubular damage is common finding in acute renal failure (ARF). Various etiologies have been put forth to explain the tubular damage in ARF, one important mechanism among them is oxidative damage to renal tubules. Several biomolecules including low-molecular weight peptides and enzymes in urine have been proposed as early markers of renal failure. Current study has been undertaken ...

OBJECTIVE We assessed the primary causes of rhabdomyolysis, the factors associated with the development of acute renal failure (ARF), and the need for hemodialysis (HD) among a series of patients presenting to an urban emergency department with rhabdomyolysis. METHODS A chart review between January 1992 and December 1995 was conducted of patients aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of rha...

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious condition which still carries a mortality of around 50%. People with diabetes may be at increased risk of developing ARF, either as a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma, increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, or due to increased susceptibility of the kidney to adverse effects in the presence of underlying diabetic renal dise...

In a multicentre study carried out in Madrid, i.e. in a population of 4 million people, in 1995, 748 cases of Pre-renal ARF acute renal failure (ARF) were treated in 13 hospitals in a 9 month period; 274 of these 748 cases occurred Pathophysiology of pre-renal ARF in subjects over 70 years old, which represents a prevalence of 36% (7% of the population and 10.5% Normal kidneys may withstand wid...

Background: “Type A” acute aortic dissection (AAAD) is the most challenging among the emergency operations in cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the role of acute renal failure (ARF) in postoperative survival of patients operated for AAAD. Methods: From February 2010 to April 2012, 37 consecutive patients were operated at our department for AAAD. We studied our populat...

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a relatively frequent complication associated with heart transplantation. It develops in the first few days postoperatively and is characterized by oliguria with laboratory and urinary indices typical of pre-renal azotemia. Cyclosporine, especially with higher doses, is one of the many factors which play an integral part in the nephrotoxicity following cardiac trans...

BACKGROUND Renal cortical necrosis (RCN) accounts for 2% of all cases of acute renal failure (ARF) in adults and 15-20% of ARF during the third trimester of pregnancy in developed nations. However, RCN incidence is higher in developing countries ranging from 6-7% of all cases of acute renal failure. The present study describes changing trends in the clinical spectrum of RCN in patients with ARF...