Acute renal failure following trauma may be divided into two categories: incipient acute renal failure (IARF) and established acute renal failure. The first section of this paper will deal with the principles of diagnosis and reversal of incipient acute renal failure. The second section will deal with the total metabolic management of patients with acute renal failure inclusive of circulatory a...

Outline which conditions causing acute respiratory failure benefit from corticosteroids. 1. Describe the studies providing data for efficacy of corticosteroids in these conditions. 2. Determine the biologic rationale for the use of corticosteroids in ARDS. 3. Discern the complications of corticosteroid therapy. 4. Provide recommendations for corticosteroid regimens in treating these conditions ...

Acute respiratory failure occurs in less than 0.1% of pregnancies. Thyroid storm should be included in the differential diagnosis of possible causes of acute respiratory failure occurring immediately after delivery, and delivery is a high risk factor for thyroid storm in pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis.

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was introduced as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure caused from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the 1980s, and its use gradually rose worldwide. Seventy-eight patients (57 males, mean age 78.3 ± 9.2 years) undergoing NIV were evaluated. Of them, 48 (62.3%) had acute hypercapnic respiratory fail...

CONTEXT The results of studies on noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure unrelated to cardiogenic pulmonary edema have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of NPPV on the rate of endotracheal intubation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure not due to ...

OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness and safety of non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation in the management of acute respiratory failure. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Regional public hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS One hundred and eighty-nine haemodynamically stable adult Chinese patients with acute respiratory failure (119 men and 70 women; mean age, 71.2 years [range, 18-92 years...

background: renal complication of leptospirosis is common and its clinical manifestations vary from urinary sediment changes to acute renal failure. the aim of this study was to determine the final outcome of renal involvement in leptospirosis. methods: this longitudinal prospective study included all serologically confirmed cases of leptospirosis with evidence of renal failure. all patients we...

The objective of this study was to compare the breathing pattern of patients who failed to wean from mechanical ventilation to the pattern during acute respiratory failure. We hypothesized that a similar breathing pattern occurs under both conditions. Breathing pattern, mouth occlusion pressure (P[0.1]) and maximum inspiratory pressure (P[I,max]) were measured in 15 patients during acute respir...