the objective of this study is to model and estimate the effect of financial services in the agricultural sector of iran on the value added of this sector. moreover, since as of 1984, the interest free banking law was implemented, the effect of this change on the value added of the sector will be studied as the second objective. the model of the study consists of three tions. the volume of real...

Previous studies of human locomotion indicate that foot and ankle structures can interact in complex ways. The structure of the foot defines the input and output lever arms that influences the force-generating capacity of the ankle plantar flexors during push-off. At the same time, deformation of the foot may dissipate some of the mechanical energy generated by the plantar flexors during push-o...

Few studies have investigated the control of grip force when manipulating an object with an extremely small mass using a precision grip, although some related information has been provided by studies conducted in an unusual microgravity environment. Grip-load force coordination was examined while healthy adults (N = 17) held a moveable instrumented apparatus with its mass changed between 6 g an...

In conventional power plants trash-racks are provided at the intakes to protect the turbines. In pumped storage plants, the draft tube or tailrace must also have trash-racks to protect the units while pumping. Because the loads believed to cause many failures of trash-racks are dynamic in nature, it is important to understand the dynamic characteristics of trash-rack structures in general and a...

In the paper, air cavity created by vertical water entry of cylinders with different slenderness ratio (defined as “s=L/D”) is investigated experimentally, theoretically, and computationally. The study focused on range Froude numbers, Fr = V /( gr ) 0.5, (12< Fr< 30). Particular attention given to effect ratios surface seal time, evolution process cavities. To understand physical processe...

This paper deals with a new adaptive force-position control of a robotic manipulator based on force estimation. First, an adaptive position controller is derived with contact force component as estimated parameters. Second, a supervisory external loop is added in order to regulate the contact force to the desired value. Extensive simulations with 2-DOF manipulator illustrate the followed approach.

in this paper it is attempted to investigate the behavior of an inviscid flow in the meridional plane of an axial flow compressor. for this purpose the 3-d unsteady euler equations in cylindrical coordinate are averaged in tangential direction. therefore, the equations are reduced to a 2-d system. by averaging the tangential component of momentum equation, a blade force will result. axial and r...

Two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals and their heterostructures are an intense area of study owing to their unique properties that result from structural planar confinement. Intrinsically, the performance of a planar vertical device is linked to the quality of its 2D components and their interfaces, therefore requiring characterization tools that can reveal both its planar chemistry and morphol...

Maximum isometric force output by single muscles has long been known to be proportional to muscle mass(0.67), i.e to muscle cross-sectional area. However, locomotion often requires a different muscle contraction regime than that used under isometric conditions. Moreover, lever mechanisms generally affect the force outputs of muscle-limb linkages, which is one reason why the scaling of net force...

In steady state, magnetic flux conservation must be maintained in Saturn’s magnetosphere. The Enceladus plumes add mass to tubes the inner magnetosphere, and centrifugal force pulls mass-loaded outward. Those are carried outward magnetotail where they deposit their return loading region. It may take days for tail, but of nearly empty can last only several hours, with speeds inward motion around...