Approximately 6% of colorectal cancers can be attributed to recognizable heritable germline mutations. Familial adenomatous polyposis is an autosomal dominant syndrome classically presenting with hundreds to thousands of adenomatous colorectal polyps that are caused by mutations in the APC gene. Adenomas typically develop in the midteens in these patients, and colorectal cancer is a virtual cer...

Myricetin is a natural dietary flavonoid compound. We evaluated the efficacy of myricetin against intestinal tumorigenesis in adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia (APCMin/+) mice. Myricetin was given orally once a day for 12 consecutive weeks. APCMin/+ mice fed with myricetin developed fewer and smaller polyps without any adverse effects. Histopathological analysis showed a ...

The expression of many genes is altered in colon cancer, but the roles of these genes in carcinogenesis are unclear. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that several genes previously implicated in human colon cancer undergo altered expression in the APC(min) mouse adenomatous polyp, a precursor of cancer, as well as in normal-appearing surrounding mucosa. The five genes that were ...

Factors that affect the concentration of secondary bile acids in the aqueous phase of stool may have a greater impact on colon carcinogenesis than those that only modify the total fecal bile acid concentration. This hypothesis was tested using stool samples of a subset of participants enrolled in a Phase III colorectal adenomatous polyp prevention trial, which documented the inability of a 13.5...

Two isoforms of prostaglandin H synthase (PTGS = COX) are key enzymes in prostaglandin synthesis and primary targets for aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Use of aspirin or other NSAIDs is associated with a lower risk and reduced recurrence of colorectal adenomas, established precursors of adenocarcinoma. This study investigated risk of colorectal adenomatous and...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib, on rectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of rofecoxib in the rectum. Initially, 21 patients were assigned randomly in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 25 mg rof...

lance colonoscopy, which revealed a flat elevated polyp (IIa), about 5mm in diameter, in the cecum (●" Fig. 1). A second colonoscopy (2 years later) showed a flat elevated polyp with a mild depression, about5mmindiameter(IIa+IIc) (●" Fig. 2). Athirdcolonoscopy(3years later) revealed a faintly reddish depressed lesion (IIc), about 9mm in diameter (●" Fig. 3a,b). Magnifying chromoendoscopy showed...

Using a computer database, the author investigated the histopathology of 10 000 consecutive gastric specimens, taken in the last 12 years (2002-2013) at the pathology laboratory of a Japanese hospital. Re-observation of the already examined histological sections was done when the histological diagnosis and findings on the computer data base were not very obvious. The gastric specimens were iden...

Analysis of two human familial cancer syndromes, hereditary nonpol yposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis, indicates that mutations in either one of four DNA mismatch repair gene homo logues or the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, respectively, are important for the development of colorectal cancer. To further investigate the role of DNA mismatch repair in intestinal ...

The risk of developing colorectal adenomatous polyps is probably increased by a variety of dietary and environmental factors. We found an association with current alcohol and cigarette consumption. The risk of polyps was increased three times in drinkers who did not smoke and two times in smokers who did not drink, with those who both drank and smoked having 12 times the risk of total abstainer...