Potent but safe adjuvants are required to circumvent the many limitations of the newborn immune system to induce rapidly effective and long lasting immunity to subunit vaccines. By the use of pattern recognition receptors, antigen-presenting cells (APC) can very efficiently be activated by "danger" motifs expressed by various pathogens. APC activated by "danger" motifs, such as immunostimulator...

Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to improve their immunogenicity. Used for more than 80 years, aluminum, the first adjuvant in human vaccines, proved insufficient to develop vaccines that could protect against new challenging pathogens such as HIV and malaria. New adjuvants and new combinations of adjuvants (Adjuvant Systems) have opened the door to the delivery of improved and new va...

The advent of mass vaccination has saved millions of human lives and revolutionized the quality of life. Vaccination is currently one of the most cost effective ways of managing healthcare costs in both emerging and developed countries. Despite the long vaccine history and success, design and development of efficacious and safe vaccines has been traditionally semi-empirical. This is mainly due ...

Abstract Adjuvants drive the efficacy of many vaccines, however, they also elicit undesirable inflammation which is commonly pyrogenic resulting in local or systemic increases temperature. Based on this, we envisioned that inversely coupling adjuvant potency to small (~2 °C) temperature changes could be a uniquely effective approach balance while maintaining safety and tolerability. Here report...

Biological and most of all immunological effects of natural immunomodulator glucan are already well established. However, since hundreds of individual glucans, isolated from various sources, used at different concentrations and having different physicochemical characteristics are being used, the current scientific knowledge is not complete. In addition, direct comparisons of individual glucans ...

Adjuvants mayimprove control efficiency of volunteer RR® corn with ACCase inhibiting herbicides. Thus, the aim this study was to evaluate effects adjuvant addition herbicides clethodim and quizalofop, on surface tension, spray deposition control. The tension (96 g a.i. ha-1) quizalofop (60 without a mineral oil, vegetable oil an organosilicon evaluated at concentrations 0.01; 0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1....