Acute abdominal pain is a common clinical entity with varied etiology. Hemorrhagic pseudocysts of the adrenal gland are rare lesions that might be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Herein, we report a case of young married female presenting with acute pain abdomen and fever, who was diagnosed to have hemorrhagic pseudocyst of the adrenal gland.

The effect of adrenal gland hormones on brain NGF-producing cells and on NGF target cells was studied in young adult rats. The results showed that adrenalectomy causes a decrease in the NGF level in the hippocampus and of choline acetyltransferase in the septum. These studies suggest that adrenal gland hormones are involved in the regulation of NGF in specific brain structures.

Effective use of the convex curvilinear ultrasound bronchoscope in the esophagus (EUS-B) is well described. EUS-B has not been described for diagnostic sampling of the left adrenal gland. We describe 6 cases of diagnostic fine-needle aspiration of the left adrenal gland using EUS-B. This capacity increases the diagnostic capabilities of the pulmonologist experienced in EUS-B.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a benign and rare intravascular process thought to arise from an organizing thrombus. Involvement of the adrenal gland is extremely rare, with only one case reported in the literature. We report a case of this vascular lesion in the adrenal gland, treated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become a gold standard in adrenal gland surgery. More recently, some minimally invasive trials have been conducted on single access surgery on the adrenal gland. In this study, we introduce our first experiences of robot-assisted posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy using single-port access and the da Vinci system.

Ectopic thyroid tissue in the adrenal gland (ETTAG) usually presents as a well-circumscribed cystic mass on a CT scan. However, the MRI features of ETTAG are incompletely understood. We report a case of ectopic thyroid tissue in the adrenal gland, which demonstrates findings similar to those of a pheochromocytoma on the MRI.

Even though there is not enough good data, the use of laparoscopic approach in malignant disease is regarded by some controversial issue. On the other hand it seems that transperitoneal access to the adrenal gland allows for effective and safe oncological removal of adrenal gland neoplasms. The aim of the study was to present our experience with the use of transperitoneal approach in patients w...

metastasis to the oral region is very rare and accounts for less than 1% of oral malignant tumors. breast, lung, kidney, adrenal, gastro intestinal tract and prostates are most common primary tumors from which metastasis to oral region occur frequently. metastasis from thyroid gland is extremely rare to oral region. we present an unusual case of metastatic follicular carcinoma of thyroid in max...

Spirulina platensis is a blue green algae containing vital nutrients (proteins, lipids and carbohydrates), minerals (zinc, magnesium, manganese, selenium), vitamins (β–carotene, riboflavin, cyanocobalamine, α-tocopherol), and α–linoleic acid, reported to promote physical health, improve defense mechanisms of the human body and enhance longevity of life. These attributes are similar to the moder...

Two patients had a long history of hypertension and one of them also had a nephrotic-range proteinuria secondary to focal segmental scleronephrosis which had been diagnosed by kidney biopsy. They presented with uncontrolled hypertension. Laboratory examination suggested hypersecretion of catecholamines by the left adrenal glands in both patients and primary aldosteronism in one of them. A compu...