OBJECTIVE GH secretagogues (GHSs) elicit a variety of biological effects in several endocrine and non-endocrine target tIssues, including activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The latter is mainly carried out through a central hypothalamic action; yet the possibility of additional effects directly at the adrenal level cannot be ruled out. The aims of this study were to evaluate...

There is strong evidence that the gonads modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To investigate these sex differences at the adrenal glands of sheep we compared the cortisol response to ACTH (experiment 1) and measured the relative expression of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERS1), androgen receptor (AR), melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) and steroid acute regulatory protein (STAR) mRNA in a...

Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of orexin-A to regulate adrenocortical cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In the present study, human H295R adrenocortical cells were exposed to orexin‑A (10‑10-10‑6 M), with orexin receptor type 1 (OX1 receptor) antagonist SB334867 or AKT antagonist PF‑04691502. It was found that orexin‑A stimulated H295R cell pr...

conclusion adrenal iron in β-tm can be reliably measured in 3 tesla mri. the results highlight the absence of correlation between adrenal iron deposition both with serum ferritin and hepatic iron. results among patients, there was no significant correlation between plasma ferritin and adrenal t2*. significant difference was detected among t2* values of adrenals between the patient and control g...

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor that is composed of hematopoietic cells and mature fat. Mostly, these nonfunctioning tumors are distinguished incidentally during autopsy or radiologic investigations. Here, we report a case of 46-year-old man presented with nonspecific abdominal pain for one year, who had right adrenal mass with fat density detected by radiologic investigation. Histop...

Endogenous cannabinoids are important signaling molecules in neuroendocrine control of homeostatic and reproductive functions including stress response and energy metabolism. The hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei have been shown to release endocannabinoids, which act as retrograde messengers to modulate the synaptic release of glutamate during stress response. This study endeav...

Adrenocorticotropic hormone- (ACTH-)independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is an infrequent cause of Cushing's syndrome (CS). AIMAH presents as incidental radiological finding or with subclinical or overt CS, occasionally with secretion of mineralocorticoids or sex steroids. The pathophysiology of this entity is heterogeneous. The aberrant adrenal expression and function of one or...

pheochromocytomas are cathecolamine producing tumor arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla and extra adrenal tissues. this is a report of a boy presented with headache and hypertension. in radiologic exams, an adrenal mass detected in the left side, with no renal tissue on that side. it was reported an adrenal pheochromocytoma in histopathology. renal agenesis confirmed during surgery...

Cushing's syndrome is associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Irrespective of its cause, i.e. a pituitary adenoma, ectopic ACTH production or an adrenal neoplasia, Cushing's syndrome is primarily treated surgically. However, when surgery is unsuccessful or contraindicated, medical therapy is needed to treat hypercortisolism. The spectrum of available drugs includes adrenal-bl...

DAX-1 (NR0B1) and SF-1 (NR5A1) are two nuclear receptor transcription factors that play a key role in human adrenal and reproductive development. Loss of DAX-1 function is classically associated with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita. This condition typically affects boys and presents as primary adrenal insufficiency in early infancy or childhood, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism at puberty an...