This study investigated the impact of individual differences like language proficiency, gender and age on the Iranian EFL learners interlanguage pragmatics in institutional discourse especially, their capacity to recognize and to rate pragmatic and grammatical infelicities in speech act situations of request and apology.  To this end, one hundred and eighty-seven EFL university students at thre...

The present study investigated the pragmatic awareness and production of Iranian Turkish and Persian EFL learners in the speech act of apology. Sixty-eight learners of English studying at several universities in Iran were selected based on simple random sampling as the monolingual and bilingual participants. Data were elicited by means of a written discourse self-assessment/completion test (WDS...

Pragmatic measures are important to facilitate implementation and dissemination, address stakeholder issues, and drive quality improvement. This paper proposes necessary and recommended criteria for pragmatic measures, provides examples of projects to develop and identify such measures, addresses potential concerns about these recommendations, and identifies areas for future research and applic...

In a number of studies, the acquisition of restrictive relative clauses (RCs) shows contrasting findings regarding comprehension and production, with the former usually delayed up to the age of 5. As previously claimed in the literature, we suggest that this delay is a task artefact and we present a new Agent selection task for the assessment of restrictive RCs. Data from 3to 7-year-old Italian...

the present study, on the one hand, attempted to investigate the strategies applied in dispreferred responses by iranian university students of english and the extent to which pragmatic transfer could occur.  on the other hand, the study aimed to probe into the association between dispreferred organization and turn-shape. to this end, 31 relevant naturally occurring conversations, totaling 120 ...

Number terms and quantifiers share a range of linguistic (syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic) properties. On the basis of these similarities, one might expect these 2 classes of linguistic expression to pose similar problems to children acquiring language. We report here the results of an experiment that explicitly compared the acquisition of numerical expressions (two, four) and quantification...

has increased dramatically, possibly only being surpassed by the rate of patient access to that information. Technological advances in diagnosis have also been immense. Furthermore, possible treatment options have expanded dramatically, none more so than the discovery of pluripotent stem cells with the ability to repair adult heart and blood vessels. Stem cell transplantation may offer immense ...

There is now general agreement about the optionality of scalar implicatures: the pragmatic interpretation will be accessed depending on the context relative to which the utterance is interpreted. The question, then, is what makes a context upper- (vs. lower-) bounding. Neo-Gricean accounts should predict that contexts including factual information will enhance the rate of pragmatic interpretati...