Molecular oxygen is without doubt the greenest oxidant for redox reactions, yet aerobic oxidation is one of the most challenging to perform with good chemoselectivity, particularly on an industrial scale. This collaborative review (between teams of chemists and chemical engineers) describes the current scientific and operational hurdles that prevent the utilisation of aerobic oxidation reaction...

The first remarkable property associated to metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) was their chemical “inertness”, which made and make them very attractive as stable durable industrial dyes. Nevertheless, rich redox chemistry also explored in the last decades, making available a solid detailed knowledge background for further studies on suitability of MPcs catalysts. An overlook catalytic activity with ...

The synthetic scope and utility of Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions has advanced significantly over the past decade, and these reactions have potential to address important green-chemistry challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. This potential has been unrealized, however, because safety concerns and process constraints hinder large-scale applications of this chemistry. These limitat...

Vinegar fermentation was essentially a two-step process comprising the anaerobic conversion of sugars to ethanol (C2H5OH) and the aerobic oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid (CH3CO2H). It was to be found that vinegar could be successfully produced from the juice extracted from banana using yeast and Acetobacter. Banana fruit pulp was a suitable raw material for ethanol production by fermentatio...

The handling of solid reagents, catalysts and by-products is a daunting challenge in continuous-flow micro- milli-reactors. Suspensions tend to settle over time leading irrevocable clogging the reaction channels. Herein, we describe our efforts develop an ultrasonic milli-reactor which can handle such challenging solid-containing transformations. reactor consists Langevin-type transducer, sonot...

People tend to equate the in vitro alcohol oxidation (via aldehyde to acid) with what happens in the animal body. However, the chemical experience shows, that the nature of the intermediate(s) and the yield of end product(s) varies with the organism studied. The animal has a peculiar oxidation ability: some substances are oxidized almost completely whereas for others the oxidation might be rest...

We have proposed the existence of a bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation resulting in high intracolonic levels of toxic and carcinogenic acetaldehyde. This study was aimed at determining the ability of the aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) of aerobic bacteria representing human colonic flora to metabolize intracolonically derived acetaldehyde. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) values f...

background: compounds present in both green and black teas have been shown to inhibit the growth and activity of bacteria associated with mouth infections. the aim of this study was to assess the effects of green tea leaves extract on the aerobic mouth bacterial load. methods: a total of 25 volunteer female students, aged 20-25 years, were selected and then evaluated by green tea extract and mo...

The Pennsylvania region hosts numerous oil and gas reservoirs and the presence of hydrocarbons in groundwater has been locally observed. However, these methane-containing freshwater ecosystems remain poorly explored despite their potential importance in the carbon cycle. Methane isotope analysis and analysis of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases from 18 water wells indicated that active met...