The authors aimed to characterize developmental trajectories to nighttime continence by applying two latent class models-longitudinal latent class analysis (LLCA) and latent class growth analysis (LCGA)-to data on nighttime bed-wetting from a population-based birth cohort, the Medical Research Council 1946 National Survey of Health and Development cohort. Data on a binary outcome (wetting in th...

OBJECTIVE We examined if those born late-preterm (at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation) differed from those born at term in their maximum attained lifetime socioeconomic position (SEP) across the adult years up to 56 to 66 years, and in intergenerational social mobility from childhood parental SEP to own attained SEP. METHODS Participants were 8993 Finnish men and women of the Helsinki Birth Cohort...

OBJECTIVE To measure the levels and patterns of physical activity, using accelerometers, of 11-year-old children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING ALSPAC is a birth cohort study located in the former county of Avon, in the southwest of England. This study used data collected when the children were 11 years...

BACKGROUND Knowing the starting date of the BSE epidemic and its size at the very beginning is crucial to interpret the timing of the nvCJD cases and to forecast the nvCJD epidemic. The first cases occurred in 1985. The models devised by Anderson (back-calculation) and Dealler (age-period-cohort) led to an estimate of less than 50 cases in 1983, and none earlier. Here, we applied age-cohort mod...

OBJECTIVE Body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient (IQ) are associated. We examined whether this association varied by birth cohort. METHODS Among 37,414 Danish conscripts, the association between BMI and IQ overall and by birth cohort was examined. IQ was measured by the Børge Prien's Prøve (BPP) group intelligence test score. RESULTS Compared with men of normal BMI, mean difference...

BACKGROUND Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at high risk for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has become more intensive over the past 2 decades, resulting in tighter control of inflammation and lower levels of disability. The impact of this on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS Death rates from AMI in a cohor...

Childbearing among unmarried women has been the subject of intense public policy and public health concern for decades, much of it reflecting concerns about the impact on family structure and the economic security of children. Nonmarital births are at higher risk of having adverse birth outcomes such as low birthweight, preterm birth, and infant mortality than are children born to married women...

BACKGROUND A low female-to-male ratio has been observed in different Asian countries, but this phenomenon has not been well studied among immigrants living in Western societies. In this study, we investigated whether a low female-to-male ratio exists among Indian and Pakistani immigrants living in Norway. In particular, we investigated whether the determination of sex via ultrasound examination...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent to which stillbirths affect international comparisons of preterm birth rates in low- and middle-income countries. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a multi-country cross-sectional study. SETTING 29 countries participating in the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. POPULATION 258 215 singleton deliveries in 286 hospitals...