We estimate deforestation and the carbon stock in 2740 (82 %) of the 3325 settlements in Brazil's Legal Amazonia region. Estimates are made both using available satellite data and a carbon map for the "pre-modern" period (prior to 1970). We used data from Brazil's Project for Monitoring Deforestation in Amazonia updated through 2013 and from the Brazilian Biomes Deforestation Monitoring Project...

This paper examines the transformation of the Iranian economy through the Twentieth Century within a global context. At the start of that century, the Iranian economy had long remained stagnant, poor, and largely agrarian, with a marginal role in the world economy. By the turn of 21 century, Iran had transformed into a complex and relatively large economy with important consequences for the eco...

The paper undertakes a detailed analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage of the exports of Rwanda. The objective of the research is to understand the Rwanda’s pattern of trade; to identify a change in this pattern over the period of study; in support of the policies and strategies, to identify areas for improvement. Rwanda is primarily an agrarian economy where people have been dependent on c...

At the turn of the 20th century politics in Bulgaria was dominated by a large liberal party representing the democratically oriented bourgeoisie and independent entrepreneurs who favoured constitutionalism, parliamentarism, and social policies while the main opposition was constituted by conservatives of the richer upper classes and clergy.1 These elitarian parties ruled until World War I when ...

The Southeastern Spanish Region of Guadix is a mainly agrarian territory located in the Granada province, which demographic decline and has low economic dynamism. Reversing such difficult socioeconomic situation requires implementation policies capable promoting revitalization fruitfully exploiting potential for sustainable development zone. Such must be based on an appropriate diagnosis existi...

Abstract In the current global context, agriculture should develop both interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary. Digitalization innovation represent key drivers of evolution. Agriculture must become more flexible adaptable to challenges, integrating eco-friendly solutions that can maintain production at optimal capacity for a longer period. This paper aims review Romanian agricultural policies ...

This article analyses processes of exploitation, accumulation and social reproduction in rural Java. Using fieldwork a primarily agrarian predominantly non-agrarian village, it underlines the ways which pluri-active labouring class households contribute to through variety forms petty self-employment wage-labour – above all sharecropping female homework, is interwoven seamlessly with reproductiv...

The society/water relationship is important inside and outside the academy. vital centrality of this element concomitant with difficulties providing an exhaustive definition water. plurality discourses relationships that exist on around water are configured in a hierarchical way, so asymmetry defines differences access to resources power relations established it. This article explores, through ...

Migration has historically been a feature of all societies. Over the decades, labor migration seeking employment major revenue source for Nepali youth. This study aims to explore patterns, remittances flow, and consequences foreign in agrarian households. The empirical analysis revealed that low individual income, lack prospects, poor economic conditions migrants, non-existence social assistanc...