While many studies have demonstrated the sensitivities of plants and of crop yield to a changing climate, a major challenge for the agricultural research community is to relate these findings to the broader societal concern with food security. This paper reviews the direct effects of climate on both crop growth and yield and on plant pests and pathogens and the interactions that may occur betwe...

Investments aimed at improving agricultural adaptation to climate change inevitably favor some crops and regions over others. An analysis of climate risks for crops in 12 food-insecure regions was conducted to identify adaptation priorities, based on statistical crop models and climate projections for 2030 from 20 general circulation models. Results indicate South Asia and Southern Africa as tw...

In recent years India is experiencing a rapid economic growth, especially after the 1990s when India started to liberalize its economy in a full scale. However, the author emphasizes the critical importance of the preceded 1980s when Indian agricultural sector registered a high growth rate. The Green Revolution in India started in the late 1960s and with its success India attained food self-suf...

H Harvest index (HI), ratio of seed yield to aboveground dry matter, is a very important parameter for estimating seed yield in several crop models. In this study, the importance, definition, variability and estimation methods of HI in crop models were discussed. HI estimation methods are categorized into two groups including: (i) complex methods that estimate HI from the beginning of seed gro...

The objective of this paper is to determine spectral quantities of each crop. The best of these two-band indices were further tested to see if soil adjustment or nonlinbands that are best suited for characterizing agricultural crop biophysical variables. The data for this study comes ear fitting could improve their predictive accuracy. The best of the narrow band NDVI models explained 64% to fr...

Field crop yield prediction is crucial to grain storage, agricultural field management, and national agricultural decision-making. Currently, crop models are widely used for crop yield prediction. However, they are hampered by the uncertainty or similarity of input parameters when extrapolated to field scale. Data assimilation methods that combine crop models and remote sensing are the most eff...

Water monitoring at the scale of a small agricultural region is a key point to insure a good crop development particularly in South-Eastern France, where extreme climatic conditions result in long dry periods in spring and summer with very sparse precipitation events, corresponding to a crucial period of crop development. Remote sensing with the increasing imagery resolution is a useful tool to...

The theory of neoclassical welfare economics largely shaped international and national agricultural policies during the Cold War period. It treated technology as an exogenous factor that could boost agricultural productivity but not necessarily sustainable agriculture. New growth theory, the economic theory of the new knowledge economy, treats technological change as endogenous and argues that ...

Irrigation scheduling is an important issue for crop management, in a general context of limited water resources and increasing concern about agricultural productivity. Methods to optimize crop irrigation should take into account the impact of water stress on plant growth and the water balance in the plant-soil-atmosphere system. In this article, we propose a methodology to solve the irrigation...

Computer models may be useful tools to design management practices for green manures, to maximize N uptake by the following crop while minimizing N losses to leaching. A previous paper tested CERES models predictions of soil processes in the absence of a crop, but did not consider effects of the crop, such as water and N uptake or shading of the soil surface. In this paper, we evaluated the abi...