Mathematical optimisation is used to integrate and economically evaluate wastewater reuse, desalination and other water management options for water supply in Ensenada, Baja California Mexico with future levels of population and water demand. The optimisation model (CALVIN) is used to explore and integrate water management alternatives such as water markets, reuse and seawater desalination, wit...

While studies have documented the presence of pyrethroid insecticides at acutely toxic concentrations in sediments, little quantitative data on sources exist. Urban runoff, municipal wastewater treatment plants and agricultural drains in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta were sampled to understand their importance as contributors of these pesticides to surface waters. Nearly all r...

This study evaluated the effects of abattoir wastewater irrigation on plant growth and development. The soils used in this study were collected from Primo Smallgoods Abattoir (Port Wakefield, South Australia) at different sites such as currently irrigated (CI), currently not irrigated (CNI) and soil outside the irrigation area as control (CTRL). A completely randomised block design was employed...

BACKGROUND Contamination of water by toxic chemicals has become commonly recognized as an environmental concern. Based on our clinical observation in Mashhad, northeastern Iran, many people might be at risk of exposure to high concentrations of toxic heavy metals in water. Because wastewater effluents as well as water wells have been commonly used for irrigation over the past decades, there has...

the treatment facility of albourz industrial city was established in 1999 at the southeast of albourz mountain with an area of 200,000 square meters. currently, 40,000 cubic meters of industrial wastes are treated daily utilizing biological method of activated sludge up to the second phase without chlorination in this treatment facility. then, the discharged wastes are directed toward the lower...

Solid/liquid separations are a mature technology area and few new developments occurred in seventies and eighties. However, last decade witnessed appearance of a significant number of new innovative systems in this field. (Rubio et al., 2002) This paper describes new developments in mixing, coagulation, flocculation and flotation systems for industrial wastewater treatment. (Ross et al., 2000; ...

Introduction Hanoi is currently undergoing a process of intensive industrialization and modernization. The population in the smaller Hanoi urban zone has risen dramatically from 300,000 in 1954 to its current population of more than 1.7 million which is 60% of the total population in the area of greater Hanoi. It is predicted that this will rise to 2.5 million amongst 4.5 million of total popul...