Geysers, which involve the explosive release of water through vertical shafts connected to a nearly horizontal pipeline, have been attributed to either pipeline surge or the release of air. Laboratory experiments involving the release of a large entrapped pocket of air through a surcharged vertical riser indicate that the air can force water upward in the shaft but that a jet such as seen in vi...

Nanobubbles (<200 nm in diameter) have several unique properties such as long lifetime in liquid owing to its negatively charged surface, and its high gas solubility into the liquid owing to its high internal pressure. They are used in variety of fields including diagnostic aids and drug delivery, while there are no reports assessing their effects on the growth of lives. Nanobubbles of air or o...

Measurements of air–water flow properties are reasonably simple in steady flows, but not so in unsteady flows. Some studies investigated periodic flows in which instantaneous data were averaged over several cycles. During the present work, new unsteady air–water flow measurements were performed in sudden open channel flow surges. Unsteady air–water flow measurements were performed in the wave f...

Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of air velocity on feed and water consumption at a constant temperature of 27 C and a daily cyclic temperature of 22-32-22 C. Air velocity over the broilers was <15 or 120 m/min. These temperature and air velocity treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design in eight environmental chambers, with two replications of each treatment. The ai...

In order to improve disinfection by-product (DBP) exposure assessment, this study was designed to document both water and air levels of these chemical contaminants in two indoor swimming pools and to analyze their within-day and day-to-day variations in both of them. Intensive sampling was carried out during two one-week campaigns to measure trihalomethanes (THMs) and chloramines (CAMs) in wate...

background: urmia lake, the second largest hyper-saline lake of the world, has experienced lack of water and other environmental issues in recent years. now, there is a danger of the lake drying out, which will affect the region and its inhabitants. this study aimed to present a model which can relate the water level of the lake to effective factors. methods: parameters that influence water lev...

Tadpoles oiXenopus laevis Daudin can extract oxygen from both air and water. When these larvae have access to air, aerial oxygen uptake averages 16-6% of total oxygen consumption in normoxic water, and increases to 100% of net oxygen consumption in hypoxic water. Neither anaerobiosis nor increased buccopharyngeal ventilation occur in response to hypoxia. If tadpoles are prevented from surfacing...

We have performed mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations of the relaxation of a ground state excess electron at interfaces of different phases of water with air. The investigated systems included ambient water/air, supercooled water/air, Ih ice/air, and amorphous solid water/air interfaces. The present work explores the possible connections of the examined interfacial systems to...